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身经百战的writer告诉你英文论文写作的基本要求

        很多留学生对于国外作业的基本要求还不是太明白,之前Meeloun小编发过相关的内容,但是有点杂乱,今天给大家整理出来,希望对大家的英文论文写作有所帮助!

        基本要求

        1.结构问题

        平时日常的小论文分为ESSAY 和REPORT 两种形式。

        ESSAY — 结构分为INTRODUCTION、MAIN BODY和CONCLUSION三大部分,并不需要太复杂的结构。

        REPORT — 要有EXECUTIVE SUMMARY, 结构要求很高,文章分为五个部分:一般由TABLE OF CONTENTS、EXECUTIVE SUMMARY、INTRODUCTION、BODY、CONCLUSION/RECOMMENDATION。每个部分都要有大标题,下面还要有副标题等等。

        2.References问题

        在英国写所有的学术论文,文章一定要有REFERENCES (参考文献)。非常重要!就是引用别人文章中的观点,但是这个引用不能整断整段的直接用书上,网上的文章,或者杂志上的文章的内容。如果一段话中有超过三个词是引用的,就要表明REFERENCES. (如果完全是用自己的语言将别人的观点说出来了,引用的词是两个或更少,就可以不用标出REFERENCES)。

        *如果整段要直接引用原话,要用引号标出,而且这样的引用的比率不能超过全文字数的5%。

        *全文注明REFERENCES的文字,就是引用的文字不能超过全文字数的30%.

        *REFERENCES可以是书,也可以是学术杂志上发表的文章,或者网上的文章,但是引用的文章最好大多数是近十年的文章,而且REFERENCES一定要按照正确格式标注。英国的论文REFERENCE格式要求是HARVARD STYLE。关于REFERENCE格式问题,有好多捷径可以节省大量的时间,不然REF格式全部由自己手打的话可能要搞死人。后面可以单开一篇文章详细说这个。

        REFERENCES 在文中是在文中用自己的话说出别人书中或文章中的内容后,用括号标出作者和年代,而在文后的REFERENCES列表中一定要用HARVARD REFERENCES SYSTEM的格式来标出参考文献。

        参考文献的数量也是有要求的,一般是每1000 字要有5个REFERENCES.

        3.字数问题

        字数也是一定要按照要求来写,否则不管你是多写还是少写了都会被扣分。

        文后的REFERENCES LIST和附录(APPENDIX)是不计入总字数的。

        比如,文章要求如果是4000字,那正文的字数就是4000 +/- 10% ,字数应该在3600-4400之间。

如果要求NO MORE THAN 4000 WORDS, 那正文的字数就不能超过4000字。

        如果要求NO LESS THAN 4000 WORDS, 那正文的字数就不能少于4000字。

        如果要求4000-4500 WORDS, 那正文的字数就要写4000-4500字之间。

        4.人称问题

        因为一般留学生出国需要写的ESSAY属于学术文章,所以决不能用第一人称(I, WE, IN MY OPINION,…)这样主观的说法, 可以用被动语态。

        *不能使用缩写,不能写DON’T,要说DO NOT。不能说I DO STH,要说XX HAS BEEN DONE。。。特别是写REPORT的时候,老师喜欢看到被动语句。但是在REPORT中,如果题目是假如你是某公司CEO或其他某个角色,可以使用第一人称;如果没有这样主人翁的假设,还是不能用第一、二人称。请注意这点和ESSAY的区别。

        5.Introduction和Executive summary 的区别

        INTRODUCTION: 不能在INTRODUCTION说出文章的结论,INTRODUCTION是对文章的要写内容的介绍,结构的介绍。

        EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: 阐述文章得出的FINDING, CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATIONS.

        以上就是Meeloun小编给同学们整理的关于英文论文写作的基本要求,抓紧收藏哦!对于英文论文写作还有疑问的同学可以联系我们的客服,美伦教育竭诚为海外学子服务!

留学生要如何完成dissertation写作?学姐有攻略!


        首先,这篇主要是针对于在英国写论文的良心干货,留学生只要一到国外,就开启了漫漫论文路,直到毕业。中间这些年就是无穷无尽的essay,上了大学以后基本上每年都是4-6万字所以除了考试(答题写论文)就是平时交论文😂。反正说来说去就是离不开论文,小组作业非常少,那种teamwork的presentation可能也就占一个module的百分之十而已。

        Meeloun小编分享的这篇文章是一位毕业学姐的经验之谈,主要就是给大家最头痛最害怕的dissertation写作方法,希望可以帮到大家。下面我们就一起来看看吧!

        选导师

        这个非常非常重要,因为他们是第一评分人! 有的本科supervisor是department随机分配的,没得选,会随机一个完全不认识的。就见过他一次,是在第一个term都快要放假的时候。见面的时候就说了大致的方向,他给了一些tips,还有methodology的建议。说真的,他是毫无帮助的,而且后来半年时间也没发过email问进行的怎么样。不过大三的时候学业真的太忙了,手上有6,7篇5000字的长论文,所以也没时间想去联系他。但是最后他居然给了first class,后来总结出来一点:那就是自己选的话题他完全没什么了解,当时本科选的是研究中国的贫富差距问题,然后那个导师的field完全和这个无关。所以他可能觉得内容很新鲜,这里看到的知识点都是first hand并不是每天都会聊到的话题。就好像是看完论文后,他学到了很多知识一样,这样的都是比较加分的。这也要感谢Meeloun给予我的帮助,不然我的论文也不可能这么顺利。

        后来研究生时候可以自己选导师,当然不是百分之百可以选上。研究生的时候修了一门亚太地区国际关系,特别喜欢而且老师是华威刚刚毕业的女博士,年轻又风趣。重点是!!两篇5000字论文她全给了高分,在feedback里说她很喜欢这一类论点和风格,于是就first choice了她是导师。与她就见了挺多次的,因为本来就很熟,主要是话题是时事类的,没有什么学术类书籍可以参考。所以只要调查结果一出来,那就是这个学术领域的新发现。导师当时都说非常期待最后的result,毕竟14年发生的事情15年就写。 最后也是给了first class,不过是在预料之中的,再加上argument比较到位,虽然是非常非常冷门又不好写的话题,但是如果能勾起来导师的兴趣,那也有得高分的可能!

        总结: 要么选一个完全对话题不了解的,要么选一个对你话题极度了解的。不要选那种不痛不痒的论文选题,就是说了半天和没说一样的那种。把导师当作一个读者,你要做到让她读完以后能真的学到什么读懂什么,这才是得高分的关键。还有就是最好是选择一个很喜欢你的老师,印象分也是很重要的。

        Argument很重要

        一篇优秀的毕业论文就是能让导师看出几点:

        第一:你到底想研究什么?(太广泛的不行,比如英国脱欧那就太宽了,太广了很有可能最后啥结论都没有就和新闻报道说的一模一样,如果说是英国脱欧后五年内的中产阶级隐患就比较精确有意义)

        第二:你研究的话题在现有的学术界里有没有什么热门学者讨论过?如果没有那为什么你想研究?(得给出切入点)

        第三:你做完了research后你的结果和你当时期待的结果是不是一样,如果是为什么,如果不是又是为什么?

        第四:你觉得你的研究能给整个领域带来什么作用?(就算没有你也得硬说有!!!)

        还有就是你这篇论文的目的是什么?是找某件事的原因,还是某件事导致的后果到什么程度?等等等,最好起题目里面就说清楚。原因就写cause,why。程度就写to what extent之类的。这些总结起来就形成了一个完整的argument,重点是要清晰和精确,不要太广,因为太广了那还不如直接google看别人写的,没什么含金量。

        你可以大胆的假设,这样好在最后出了research结果以后对比。你的假设被证实了百分之多少等等,和你预期的是否一样,如果不是是什么原因造成的。其实这样想想的话1万字根本不够写啊。

        不仅是毕业论文,其实一般的essay也是主要看argument够不够精彩。首先你要找一些academic,你同意或者不同意某个scholar的论点,并且这篇essay就是支持或者反对他的论点。一般来说,这都是比较容易的切人点,借着已经established的论点来写会比较稳妥一些。这样的好处还有既显示出你读了很多书,又证明你有实际证据来support这个论点,也突出你的立场是什么。一篇好的essay其实就是站队,相反,失败的论文就是说了半天完全就是流水账在叙述,根本没说出来自己是哪一边的。

        怎么样开始提笔写?

        万事开头难其实有时候只要写出了第一句,后面的是很容易接下去的。尤其对于拖延症患者,很多时候就是在纠结那第一句。这个时候不妨写出一个框架,把每一个chapter的最开头和最结尾都先写好。就是先把头和脚列出来,开头写你这个chapter是要说点什么,结尾就写以上这些对你的research有什么作用。别小看这简短的一两句话,他可以帮助你整理逻辑,而不是想到什么写什么,凑字是论文的大忌。这个写出一个框架以后,你就不容易跑题,再怎么写都不会跳出这个方框。然后你也会有一个更清晰的思路,知道一环套一环,因为很多时候写着写着就把自己绕进去了,写了一大堆废话,这是绝对扣分的。老师看了都审美疲劳。

        Introduction 和Conclusion的重要性

        其实说白了,导师们看那么多毕业论文,也是挺烦的,很多时候他们真正仔细看的就是开头和结尾,其他的他们都要看心情看兴趣。所以这个时候他们就格外重要了,写了这么多年essay的人可以负责任的告诉你,introduction最后再写啊!!!敲黑板!一定记得!因为很多时候你开始写了introduction,最后写完以后就会发现,你intro里面写的事情你最后文章里面一个都没提到。或者完全就不沾边,这个时候就真的尴尬了,那就会构成一篇很差的论文。 正确的方法是,写把其他的写完,最后挑选出每个chapter的精华和思路总结在intro里面,这样才会给导师展现出一个清晰的思路,而不是你根本不知道你在干嘛这种.

        主语不要用!!

        这是突然想到的一点~来临时补充!这个很重要,一般专业的论文都是不能出现“我”的这个称谓的。给大家几个很好的替代:

        1,说我发现什么东西不要说i found out that…而是说this study has discovered that…

        2,说我认为不要说i think 而是说this study believes that…

        study也可以换成research/investigation等等

        以上基本上就是Meeloun分享的学姐的毕业论文心得,正在为dissertation头疼的同学可以参考参考哦!对于dissertation写作还有相关疑问的同学可以联系我们的客服!你只需动动鼠标,或者动动拇指,就能轻松解决各种留学的难题。留学咨询、留学申请、留学文书、材料翻译,我们的服务都是全年无休的,品质和效率都能满足您的需求。

中国留学生在paper写作时如何避免犯错?

        中国学生在paper写作的过程中,或多或少会犯一些常见的错误,写的时候没发现,到后期检查的时候还庆幸来得及修改。久而久之,我们就养成了这样的习惯:前期随心所欲地写、后期绞尽脑汁地改。但其实,前期认真一些,避开几个雷区,后期修改会轻松不少。

        Meeloun小编对中国学生的paper写作错误作了一些总结,包括但不限于:重复类似的单词和短语、近义单词用法混淆、滥用过多的副词。

        今天我们先来探讨,如何恰到好处地使用形容词和短语?

        请勿重复类似的形容词

        中国学生刚开始英语写作的时候,喜欢用很多形容词来描述一件事情,这是很常见的。但是,如果过多相似的形容词叠加在一起表达,就会对读者造成干扰。如果你不太确定你的形容词是否使用的正确,那就选择一个最接近其意思的单词。

        我们来看一个例子:
        The dog was left outside during the storm,its barking was mournful and sad.

        在这个例子当中,mournful 和 sad这两个单词的意思很相近,没有给读者带来新的内容,所以只需要选择其中一个更好的。

        正确的用法:
        The dog was left outside during the storm,its barking was mournful.

        从另一角度来说,好的作者会用多个不同的形容词来形容一件事物,但这些形容词需要和主题息息相关,同时也提供给读者更多信息。

        优秀用法:The dog was left outside during the storm,its barking was strained and mournful.

        在这个例子当中,mournful告诉读者狗的叫声是伤心的,而 strained 这个单词也表现了这只狗叫的太久从而他的声音已经疲惫了。 虽然意思相近,但是表达的内容却不一样,这样会更加生动。

        请勿重复使用不必要的单词短语

        写作新手为了使文章更具有说服力,经常在文章中重复使用相似的形容词,或者用类似的短语表达相同的事物,以此强调自己的观点。

        举个例子:
        The committee discussed the neighborhood concerns at a meeting, where they talked about neighborhood problems.

        这个句子可以缩改为: The committee discussed the neighborhood concerns at a meeting.或者:The committee talked about neighborhood problems at a meeting.

        在文章当中重复表达观点是新手很容易犯的毛病。 所以,我们建议在写作完成后,阅读写好的文章,检查一下是否犯了重复的毛病。

        在独立写作中这个问题也很常见, 比如这个句子: An intense debate about this topic has been awakened and caused major concerns.

        虽然这句话用了 awakenedcaused major concerns这两个不同的短语,但表达的意思是相同的, 可以删掉其中一个, 改写成 An intense debate about this topic has been awakened.或者The intense debate about this topic has caused major concerns.

        看完你是不是这个表情

        接下来我们还会继续更新中国学生在paper写作中遇到的常见错误,觉得对自己的写作有帮助的同学可以持续关注我们哦!你只需动动鼠标,或者动动拇指,就能轻松解决各种留学的难题。留学咨询、留学申请、留学文书、材料翻译,我们的服务都是全年无休的,品质和效率都能满足您的需求。

英文论文写作中如何用中心句表达中心思想

        很多留学生在英文论文写作中对于中心句把握的不是很好,中心思想是文章的灵魂,而中心句是最能体现段落的中心思想。下面Meeloun小编就给同学们讲解如何用中心句还表达自己论文的中心思想。

        中心句不仅是对文章主论点的支撑,也是调整并连接句子和段落的顺序结构的桥梁。因此在浏览文章的时候,读者都习惯扫描段落的前几句话,迅速掌握中心思想。

        中心句是从文章主论点衍生而来,但切忌反复重复主论点内容,否则中心句和所引出的下文都是冗赘。

        并不是每一段都有中心句,但绝大部分情况如此。如果第二段是为了更加详细解释前一段的内容,则只需过渡,无需设立新的中心句。

        中心句的形式有许多,比如复杂句加连接词,由主句和从句组成。

        例如:Although Young Woman with a Water Pitcher depicts an unknown, middle-class woman at an ordinary task, the image is more than “realistic”; the painter [Vermeer] has imposed his own order upon it to strengthen it. 由“although”所引出的从句呼应前文,而主句则是引出下文。

        中心句不是说大口号,比如“Today I’m going to discuss the benefits of gardening.”

        中心句不能讲的太露骨,如果底牌被摸透,读者很容易失去兴趣。因此中心句要做到不赤裸挑明,却能使读者心照不宣。

        举个例子。“In the story, Amelia did many good things such as help out her friends, talk to her parents, and support her team at school.”描述一目了然,但过于详细的解说使读者读起来乏味。

        反之“As a result of the many activities Amelia participated in, she was recognised for her positive influence on the community.”不仅预示读者所要看到的内容,又留给读者一个小小的期待,想看Amelia到底做了什么,给大家带来了怎样的正面影响。

        中心句的范围,切忌过宽亦过窄。过窄导致没有扩展继续写作的空间,比如“Increased funding for public roads in Jackson County has decreased traffic by 20%.”这是一条强有力的数据,但不适用于中心句。

        中心句的写法应该是“In addition, increasing funding for public roads in Jackson County will improve local residents’ quality of life.”

        再比如:“The United States suffered a lot during the Civil War.” 范围过广,可以修改为“Sherman’s destruction in the South during the Civil War also caused incredible suffering.”

        中心句和introduction有很多相似之处,比如吸引读者注意力。有时可以尝试使用问题,引发读者深思,比如“Does the promise of stability justify this unchanging hierarchy?”

        中心句的表达方式直截了当,不应该让读者猜测内容,或者强迫读者到下文找关键信息点,来揣测这段的内容

        所谓的“合理”,完全在于作者是否有充分的论据来支撑中心句。鼓励支持同学们提出新论点新想法,但一定要有文献或者数据等可信度高的论据做支撑,如果整段内容都是自己凭空捏造的,虽然全部为原创,但没有任何学术意义。这也从侧面凸显了文献引用的重要性。

        另外中心句的内容避免单纯地列举客观事实,可以将事实与自己的观点相关联。比如与其说“All dogs need food”不如说“All dogs need regular care, including healthy food, and children are the best ones to do it.” 不仅增加趣味性,也增加了自己的观点。

        有的人习惯将过渡句和中心句分开,有的人喜欢将两者结合,因人而异。比如“Although gardening has many health benefits, people still need to exercise caution when outside.” 不仅总结了园艺带来的身体健康好处,也引出了新一段的内容,即锻炼时的注意事项。

        根据中心句在段落中所出现的位置,举两个例子。

        首句为中心句

        The tragic hero is typically on top of the wheel of fortune, half-way between human society on the ground and the something greater in the sky. Prometheus, Adam, and Christ hang between heaven and earth, between a world of paradisal freedom and a world of bondage. Tragic heroes are so much the highest points in their human landscape that they seem the inevitable conductors of the power about them, great trees more likely to be struck by lightning than a clump of grass. Conductors may of course be instruments as well as victims of the divine lightning: Milton’s Samson destroys the Philistine temple with himself, and Hamlet nearly exterminates the Danish court in his own fall.

        过渡句加中心句

        We found in comedy that the term bomolochos or buffoon need not be restricted to farce, but could be extended to cover comic characters who are primarily entertainers, with the function of increasing or focusing the comic mood. The corresponding contrasting type is the suppliant, the character, often female, who presents a picture of unmitigated helplessness and destitution. Such a figure is pathetic, and pathos, though it seems a gentler and more relaxed mood than tragedy, is even more terrifying. Its basis is the exclusion of an individual from the group; hence it attacks the deepest fear in ourselves that we possess—a fear much deeper than the relatively cosy and sociable bogey of hell. In the suppliant pity and terror are brought to the highest possible pitch of intensity, and the awful consequences of rejecting the suppliant for all concerned is a central theme of Greek tragedy.

        以上就是Meeloun小编给同学们分享的关于如何写好中心句的方法,对于英文论文写作还有相关疑问的同学可以联系我们的客服哦!你只需动动鼠标,或者动动拇指,就能轻松解决各种留学的难题。留学咨询、留学申请、留学文书、材料翻译,我们的服务都是全年无休的,品质和效率都能满足您的需求。

英文论文写作中的形容词(Adjectives)顺序你写对了吗?


        很多留学生在英文论文写作中对于形容词的顺序不太care,但是同学们要知道顺序排列不当的话可能表达出来的意思就没那么准确了。Meeloun小编在这里就给大家分析在出现多个形容词时要如何正确的排列它们的顺序。

        形容词
        形容词就是用来形容名词的单词,它们提供关于人、事、地和物的额外信息。例如:

        The large man sitting beside me called for the flight attendant. The flight attendant was very attentive and polite.

        善用形容词能使句子更加生动,来比较下方两个句子就知道了:

        The birds flew out of the window and into the sky.

        vs.

        The little black birds flew out the window and into the bright blue sky.

        因为第二句提供更多更详细的资讯,所以在阅读时能想像出更具体的景象。

        英文形容词顺序
        当同一句中出现多个形容词时,请依照下方的顺序将其排列:

        Quantity (how many of it): Few, several, many, five, 100, etc.
        Opinion (the value of the noun): Exquisite, charming, ugly, difficult, easy, friendly, etc.
        Size: Big, small, short, tall, etc.
        Condition/ State: Dry, wet, hungry, shiny, cracked, slippery, etc.
        Age: Young, old, 10-years-old, new, etc.
        Shape: Round, obtuse, square, triangular, etc.
        Color: Red, blue, green, etc.
        Pattern (the pattern or design it was made with): Checkered, spotted, plaid, etc.
        Origin (where it is from): American, African, Asian, European, Martian, etc.
        Material (what it is made of): Glass, wood, plastic, concrete, etc.
        Purpose (what it is used for): Shopping, training, walking, etc.

        利用逗号和连接词来连接形容词
        当两个以上的同类别形容词出现时,善用逗号和连接词像是and 来连接这些位置可互换的形容词。例如:

        The man in the red and yellow shirt was waiting outside the door.

        She was a lively and carefree person.

        There was a cold, hungry look in his eyes.

        同样类别的形容词中间的逗号当然也可以删除,但这可以会改变原意,例如:

        “There was a cold, hungry look in his eyes.”

        有逗号时的意思是: He had a cold look in his eyes, and he had a hungry look in his eyes.

        没有逗号时的意思是: He had a hungry look that was cold.

        在英文文法中使用逗号要格外小心。

        以上就是Meeloun小编给同学们分享的在英文论文写作中出现多个形容词时正确的排列顺序。有论文写作需求的同学可以联系我们的客服哦!Meeloun作为专业的留学生作业代写机构,代写科目涵盖工、商、文、理、医、法等多个领域,其中工科和商科是我们的优势代写科目,代写质量毋庸置疑,100%通过保障,100%原创保证,欢迎咨询网站客服~

德州论文代写分享期末高效复习方法!

        Final季来了,很多留学生在写完自己的essay、assignment之后,还要进行自己的专业复(yu)习(xi),那么德州论文代写就给大家分享几个高效学习方法,快来看看吧!

申请文书写作之中英文范文
        1.The Marothon
        马拉松式拖延症
        You find a desk in Irving and refuse to move ever again. You don’t even think about taking a break—that would be a waste of time. Don’t you know this assignment is due in 16 hours?
        到作业截止前一天再着手开始动笔。就算在图书馆里一直学习不休息,也很难达到真正的学习效果。
        解决方法
        Whether you’re doing this because you think it’s efficient or because you left everything until the last minute, you’re not going to learn much. Our brains need rest time to process information.
        无论是因为你一贯的学习方法就是要拖到截止日期前开始学习,还是因为你觉得短时间的学习更有效率,我觉得为了赶截止日期而拼命地学习并不能让我们真正学到知识。我们的大脑需要有一定的休息时间去处理所吸收的信息。
        Planning ahead is the key here. Instead of focusing only on your deadlines, work backwards and figure out when you need to start working on a project. Take into account how long each part of the work will take you. You’ll feel less overwhelmed and more able to actually learn the material, as opposed to just cramming.
        合理规划,计划在前非常重要。在完成一个作业项目之前,明确截止日期,分配好完成每项任务所需的时间。这样,你才不会被繁重的作业/考试压垮,而且可以避免为了赶截止日而敷衍了事。
        If you’re really in a pinch (hey, it happens to everyone), try out the pomodoro method: 25 minutes on, 5 minutes off, with a longer break every 4 circuits. It holds off exhaustion and keeps you feeling refreshed over long periods of heavy work!
        如果你并不擅长做时间规划,不妨试试“番茄工作法”-学习25分钟,休息5分钟,每四个番茄钟后可以延长休息的时间。这个方法,可以让你避免过度疲劳,而且在面对繁重的作业时,保持精力充沛。
        2.The Full-Page Highlight
        没有学习重点
        You try to study by reading the textbook, but somehow end up highlighting everything and remembering nothing.
        一边看书一边划重点,结果满页都是划出来的重点,却什么也没记住。
        解决方法
        Turns out, passively re-reading a textbook is pretty useless. Just because you’re holding a highlighter doesn’t mean you’re actually engaging with the material.
        满页都划重点是一种低效的被动阅读。
        Learn how to read actively by taking notes as you read, which will force you to decide what parts of the reading are worth remembering. Come up with practice questions or make flashcards. The more of the 5 senses you use in your studying, the more likely you are to remember the information.
        学会一边积极阅读,一边做笔记,这种方法会迫使你在阅读的过程中了解哪些是需要重点记忆的内容。你可以通过练习提问的方式或是制作抽认卡的方法来完成这样的阅读。越是能在学习的过程中动用五官,越是能记牢所学的内容。
        If your exam includes an essay portion, think about what kinds of themes your professor might ask about and make some possible outlines. Even if your practice questions don’t actually show up on the exam, you’ll be in the right headspace!
        如果考试的内容还包含写作,可以试着猜猜看教授会出什么题目,由此写出一个大纲。即便没有猜中考试题目,这样的复习方法对你的备考也是有帮助的。
        3.The Multitasking
        身兼多项任务
        You try to do work for all of your classes at the same time by constantly switching back and forth between projects. This one is particularly common during finals.
        在期末考试期间,学生需要同时在很多不同的科目之间交叉复习是很常见的事情。
        解决方法
        People are actually really bad at multitasking. While we think we’re focusing on 2 things at once, we’re actually switching between 2 tasks very rapidly, meaning that our brains never have time to fully adjust to working on either one.
        大多数人并不擅长同时处理多项任务。 当你决定要同时处理两件事情时,我们常常 会在两个任务之间快速地转换,意味着我们的大脑并没有充分的时间有效地处理其中任何一个件事。
        Unfortunately, the only way around this one is to plan ahead (weird how that keeps cropping up). Make a study schedule ahead of time and figure out which days you’ll devote to which subjects. You’ll be able to process the material more efficiently than you would if your attention was split between tasks, and ultimately you’ll have more confidence in what you’ve learned.
        但面对这样的情况,唯一的解决办法是要提前做好学习计划表,规定好具体科目的学习时间。当你把注意力独立分配到不同的任务时,你将更有效地处理所学的信息,也会对所学的知识更有自信。
        4.The Media Frenzy
        被电子设备绑架
        You study while talking to your friends, checking 10 different social media tabs, and listening to loud music (or worse, watching Netflix), and looking at your phone every 5 seconds as it buzzes away on your desk.
        一边学习一边和朋友聊天,一会儿又去刷手机看不同的社交APP,一会儿又把音乐放的很大声,每五秒钟一响的手机又让你分心。
        解决方法
        SHUT. IT. DOWN. It’s easy enough to get distracted without creating more disturbances for yourself. Turn off your phone, don’t use the internet unless absolutely necessary (if it is, use StayFocusd or Freedom to stay on task), and minimize background noise. Low volume coffee shop buzz and instrumental (preferably classical) music are fine, but stay away from loud conversation or heavy rhythmic tunes. I like to study while listening to film scores (nothing makes you feel productive like finishing an essay to the Indiana Jones theme).
        关机! 关机! 关机! 如果没给自己创造一个没有干扰的环境,很难避免在学习的时候不分心。手机关机,不必要的时候尽量断网,选择在安静的环境中学习。

美国留学推荐信写缺点时需注意
        看完了同学们就赶紧投入到知识的海洋里去吧!需要德州论文代写的同学可以联系我们的客服哦!你只需动动鼠标,或者动动拇指,就能轻松解决各种留学的难题。留学咨询、留学申请、留学文书、材料翻译,我们的服务都是全年无休的,品质和效率都能满足您的需求。

留学生努力学习进步却太慢?试试这三个方法

美国留学推荐信写缺点时需注意

        很多留学生在学习上碰到“疑难杂症”时,总是习惯自己先尝试解决,而不是直接先找老师。甚至有的就算解决不了也不愿意去找老师。但是我们出国在外就是为了学习知识,要是有吃不透的题或者论文还是要向自己的老师请教的!今天meeloun小编就给同学们分享几个留学生学霸的学习习惯,希望大家可以从中借鉴!
        1、厚着脸皮,不懂就问(Ask and Learn),这样的学生国外老师还是很喜欢的!
        我们中国留学生总是有着一种小强般的专研精神,碰到再难得问题只有两个办法:要么不解决,要么自己搞定!
        到了国外,你会瞬间发现外国妹子和汉子们的脸皮犹如城墙倒拐般的厚实,任何时间任何地点都能提出任何问题来。不懂就问是他们里固有的思维,同时也能保证大部分问题在专业的老师那里得到解决。
        特别是学霸!学霸们在学校特别敬爱自己的教授,因为教授学识广。在学术方面能给他们指引,他们知道在该寻求帮助时如何开口。向老师寻求帮助不仅能让你对问题理解得更透彻,同时还能向老师证明你很努力,很多时候,这能给你的成绩带来正面的影响哦!所以,大家一定不要吝啬自己的口语,向同学、向老师大胆滴提问、勇敢的提问吧!
        2、Team Work—团队合作
        留学生在自己的学校里可能会发现,presentation特别受老师喜爱,当你在绞尽脑汁也弄不出个啥东西的时候,说不定你旁边桌的同学就戳戳你然后拉上其他几个国家小伙伴开始头脑风暴。不出半天时间,每个人都有了演讲主题,又在大家互相帮助下,对各自内容进行了反复修改。最后,几个小伙伴的成绩都非常不错!
        老外很善于寻求帮助和团队合作,无论老师是否要求团队合作,只要不违反老师的规定,他们都会互相借鉴和取经。所以,团队合作是在有很多团队作业的国外学习生活中不可多得的好习惯!
        3、Manage Time—合理安排时间
        许多小伙伴会觉得,老外成天high吃high喝high爬梯都没有时间学习但为毛考试分数那么高?其实,歪果仁从小就有受到时间管理方面的训练和学习。也有着他们自己的学习习惯,留学生们可以适当的借鉴一下他们的学习方式,毕竟入乡随俗嘛!当然了,适合自己的才是最好的!

Bonrun代写为你全面分析英国留学生report写作技巧
        同学们有适合自己的方法一定要去尝试,相信你会有不一样的收获!对于essay写作还有疑问的同学们可以联系我们的客服哦!你只需动动鼠标,或者动动拇指,就能轻松解决各种留学的难题。留学咨询、留学申请、留学文书、材料翻译,我们的服务都是全年无休的,品质和效率都能满足您的需求。

留学生英文论文检查方法介绍

留学生同学在国外写作assignment或者其他论文的时候一定会很苦恼怎么检查自己论文的抄袭率等等东西吧,怎么才能检查好英文论文呢?英文论文全是英文格式的检查起来比较麻烦,检查好了还有修改润色等等很是麻烦,小编就针对留学生英文论文检查方法为大家介绍一下,希望对大家有用。

留学生英文论文检查方法介绍

1.StyleWriter(润色首推)
嵌入word使用。主要功能:检查拼写、语法等错误,润色文章。
本软件的诱人之处在于润色文章,可以有提示你对同义词做选择,让你的文章更地道。
另外还有统计文章特征的功能,详见李泳老师的博文:从Stylewriter看英文写作
2.Triivi(检查首选)
英文输入软件,免费开源,具备词频调整、智能纠错,根据已经输入的字母猜出想写点词或短语,提高英文输入速度!标准版具有50万词汇量,专业词库(约20万词汇).
3.Intellicomplete(推荐)
虽没有triivi专业词汇丰富,但定义性较强,且自定义语库方便,只需要一个快捷键Ctrl+Alt+J。
4.As-U-Type
是一款英文输入单词自动校正软件,根据软件自带的和自定义的校正词典,当你编辑文档输入的单词有误是,它会自动帮你校正。
此软件是在输入后按空格键后给出提示,没有实时提醒功能,这个很遗憾。
5.TypeTip
与As-U-Type功能雷同的辅助录入软件,具有实时提示及校正功能,但不能输入词组phrase,不过兼容性较好。
6.金山写作助手
金山词霸自带工具。编写英文文档时,常常会遭遇当前语境不知该用哪个单词的尴尬,这时你会怎么办?打开词霸查找一通?哦,那太麻烦了。其实最简单的方法,是快速按动两下Alt键。这时词霸将自动弹出一个特别设计的“写作助手”模块,试着输入一下中文词汇吧。看到了吗?软件将自动弹出一组与搜索词对应的英文单词,如果感觉片面的解释无法帮助判断,还可以继续输入一个“分号”,这时“写作助手”将会在翻译结果中自动加入精选例句。
7.Bullfighter
可用作微软Word和PowerPoint的插件 不过它只能在Windows操作系统中运行。Bullfighter的目标是找到并且删除你文章中那些难懂的部分。
8.whitesomke, WriteExperss
虽然WhiteSmoke也向中国和印度的母语非英语者推销这款产品,但公司表示他们最大的目标客户群仍是那些想让自己的文笔变得典雅一些的以英语为母语者。

论文细节的修改是说不上太麻烦,但也是令人纠结的问题。作为初次写留学生论文,这就足以让人折腾大半天了,对于留学生而言,不妨用这些软件将明显的问题检查出,然后再精雕细磨,认真检查一下应该就好了,如果大家有什么留学生论文代写需求可以直接联系我们客服,一定会为你带来好的英文论文代写服务。

美国留学生论文作业格式讲解

在美国留学的同学都知道,美国留学生作业一般都有格式的要求。比如说我们经常提到的论文参考格式有MLA、APA、芝加哥格式等。但是使用word写作时,我们的作业排版该如何?有没有格式呢?其实:一般而言教授布置作业的时候,会给我们具体的格式要求。不过,没有给出格式要求怎么办?那么我们就可以使用下列常规的作业格式。

美国留学生论文作业格式讲解

美国留学生作业格式是怎么样:Margins, Spacing, and Font Size(边距,间距和字体大小)

First and foremost you should leave a marginal space of 1 inch from the top, bottom, left and right sides of the page. You can easily leave a margin space of one inches in Word by doing the following tasks:

首先你应该在页面顶部,底部,左面和右面分别留下一个1英寸左右的边际空间。你可以在word中通过以下操作进行页面设置:

(1)Go to the page layout option and click the margins tab.

进入页面布局选项,单击页边距选项卡。

(2)Click on the normal option, which is default to 1 inch space from all the sides.

点击常规选项,该选项默认为1英寸的空间距离。

Each and every line of the paragraph should be double-spaced. Proper line spacing can be achieved in MS Word through the following steps:

每一行的段落设置成双倍行距。行间距设置可以通过以下步骤在word中进行:

(1)Select the paragraph.

选中段落

(2)Right click on the selected portion.

右键单击选中的部分。

(3)Go to Paragraph.

进入段落属性设置。

(4)In the Indents and Spacing tab: go-to ‘line spacing’ option and select ‘Double’.

选中缩进和间距选项卡:选中“行间距”选项,然后选择“双倍”

Make sure that you use the Times New Roman font with size 12 to write your essay. This is a universal font acceptable in all academic papers. Don’t try to use a larger font to write less!

确保您使用Times New Roman字体、大小12的文字来写你的文章。这是一个学术论文可以接受的通用字体。不要试图用更大的字体而减少写作的字数!

美国留学生作业格式是怎么样:Headings(标题)

The heading should start with the top left corner of the page. Make sure that you have set the indentation to left-justified. The left justified option can be easily enabled in your MS Word software.

标题应该写在页面的左上角。请确保你已设置首行缩进。左对齐选项可以地在微软的Word软件中很容易启用。

The heading of the essay should follow a format which is:

文章的标题应该遵循的格式是:

(1)Write your name on the first line of the heading.

把你的essay标题写在第一行。

(2)Write your instructor name below your name.

下面写你的名字和导师的名字。

(3)Write the name of the subject and the subject code below the instructor’s name.

在导师名字的后面写上科目代码。

(4)Write the date of submission below the subject name.

在科目代码下方填写提交essay的日期。

An example heading could be:

例如:

Marc Stevens 马克·史蒂文斯

Dr. Thomas Daniels 托马斯·丹尼尔斯博士

Math 1005 数学1005

4 March 2014  2014年3月4日

One of the most ignored but the most important parts in essay formatting is the header. The first page of the header should contain only the page number. From the second page and further, the header should contain your last name and page number, both should be right indented.

最容易被忽视的,但最重要的部分是essay的标题。标题的第一页应该只包含页码。第二页,应该包含您的姓名和页码,两者都应该是正确的缩进。

Header formatting steps for first page:

第一页的标题格式的步骤:

(1)Go to the insert option.

进入插入选项。

(2)Click on the header tab.

点击标题标签。

(3)Check the different first page option.

检查不同的第一页选项。

(4)Click on the page number tab in the design tab.

单击页码选项卡的页码选项。

(5)Inside the top of page option select the right indented page number.

在页面的顶部选择正确的缩进页码。

Header formatting steps for second page and further.

标题格式第二页的设置步骤。

(1)Go to the insert option and click the headers tab.

选择插入选项,单击标题选项卡。

(2)Uncheck the different first page option.

取消勾选不同的第一页选项。

(3)Click on the page number tab in the design tab.

单击页码选项卡的设计选项卡。

(4)Choose the right indented page number style.

选择正确的缩进页码样式。

(5)Write your last name before the page number.

美国留学生论文作业格式讲解

在页码前编写你的姓。

The MLA rule book says that the paragraphs should start by leaving a half-inch space at the beginning. To keep it simple, you can start your paragraphs after pressing the tab button. Make sure that each and every paragraph that you write should follow this format.

MLA规则规定段落应该先留下半英寸的开始空间。为了方便,你可以按tab按钮后开始你的段落。确保每一段都遵循这种格式。

(1)The title should come after the heading and should be center aligned. After writing the title, make sure that you press enter twice before starting with the paragraph. You can use the formatting symbol (?) option and check that there are two formatting symbols between the title and the paragraph. You can start writing the first paragraph after the title.

标题应该居中。写完标题后,按两次回车键开始段落。您可以使用格式符号检查格式的标题和段落之间的符号。

(2)Keep the text left aligned every time you start with a new line.

每次开始新的一页请保持文本左对齐。

These are simple college essay formatting guidelines that every student should follow in his academic age. The format makes the essay easy to read and comprehend for the reader.

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meeloun代写report格式范文

很多朋友在写report格式的文章的时候觉得很麻烦,meeloun report代写为了帮助大家特地请美国教授指导了这篇文章,希望对大家都有所帮助!
1.0 执行概要
2.0 前言
3.0 莫里森超市规模快速扩张的的方法和原因
3.01 企业扩张方法
3.02 以顾客为中心的方法
3.03 莫里森规模扩张过程中所选择的方法的原因
4.0 商业环境分析
4.01 经济因素
4 4.02 政治因素和法律因素
4.03 社会文化因素
4.04 技术因素
4.05 环境因素
5.0 结论
5.0 参考表
meeloun代写report格式范文
1.0 执行概要
这份报告的目的是分析可能影响商业发展的各种环境。如今,企业发展过程中,不仅面临着内部环境的变化,也面临着外部环境的急剧改变,可以说,外部环境在商业的发展和企业成长的过程中也扮演重要的角色,尤其是跨国公司。因为经营环境对企业的影响是动态的和快速变化的,因此,分析商业发展变得越来越不同。在这份报告中,我们主要用细节出发的研究方法探索威廉·莫里森超市的商业环境。

Table of Contents
1.0 Executive summary
2.0 Introduction
3.0 The methods by which Morrisons has grown in size and the reasons
3.01 Enterprise expansion method
3.02 The method of customer-oriented
3.03 The reasons Morrisons might have had for choosing the methods
4.0 Business environment analysis
4.01 Economic factor
4.02 Political factor and Legal factor
4.03 Socio-cultural factor
4.04 Technological factor
4.05 Environment factor
5.0 Conclusion
5.0 Reference list

1.0 Executive summary
The purpose of this report is to analyze all kinds of environment which can influence the operation of business. Nowadays, not only internal environment but also external environment of enterprise play important role in the development of an enterprise, especially, for a multinational company. Because business environment influence on enterprise is dynamic and rapidly changing, analysis of business becomes more and more different. In this report, we mainly we use PESTLE research methods to explore the business environment of William Morrison Supermarket.

2.0 Introduction
William Morrison Supermarket is one of the largest chain store in Britain whose headquarter was located in Bradford, in England and it is usually called William Morrison Supermarket for short. In 1899, William Morrison, an egg and butter merchant created William Morrison Supermarket and it initially dealt with eggs and butter. In 1952, his son, Ken Morrison began to run the company and in 1958, William Morrison Supermarket became the first self-service store in Bradford and can price on its own goods. In 1991, the first supermarket of William Morrison Supermarket which was called Victoria was opened in Bradford( Fox, Vorley, 2004). Nowadays, William Morrison Supermarket is the fourth largest food retailer in UK and our business mainly is to provide customers with food, grocery and other goods. In addition, William Morrison Supermarket has more than stores already in British and still considers continuing its exciting expansion plan.

3.0 The methods by which Morrisons has grown in size and the reasons
We mainly discuss the methods by which William Morrison Supermarket has grown in size from the following two aspects: the one is the expansion method by merging or opening supermarket in foreign countries; the other is the method of customer-oriented.

3.01 Enterprise expansion method
Before 2004, William Morrison Supermarket only focused the market in north England. In 2004, William Morrison Supermarket opened a store in Scotland which is the first branch in a foreign country. After 2004, William Morrison Supermarket subsequently has acquired many enterprises which mainly were in other countries besides the UK. In William Morrison Supermarket acquired Safeway and became the fourth largest chain in the UK. In 2005, William Morrison Supermarket took over completes the takeover of three factories from Rathbones. From the above, we can know that merging or opening supermarket in foreign countries is a method which makes William Morrison Supermarket having grown in size (Klapper, Love, 2004).

3.02 The method of customer-oriented
Another method by which William Morrison Supermarket has grown in size is the principle of customer-focused. To make a difference, William Morrison Supermarket provides a distinctive offer for its customers including fresh goods; makes great food and offers good service: does well in customer relationship management.

3.03 The reasons Morrisons might have had for choosing the methods
Because William Morrison Supermarket is a supermarket, of course, it has its own operating characteristics and operating model. Therefore, William Morrison Supermarket will also choose the method for development and growing. In short, the method of merging or opening supermarket in foreign countries is the need of market expanding. In addition, if a company wants to succeed, it must carry out the principle of customer-focused.

4.0 Business environment analysis
In general, we also use PESTLE analysis method to explore the political-legal, economic, socio-cultural, environmental and technological (PESTLE) factors which are shaping the external environment in which William Morrison Supermarket is operating ( Poon, 2000; Carlin, Schaffer, 2012)

4.01 Economic factor
The macro economy has a profound impact upon enterprise’s business activity and enterprise faces the huge challenge with the change of the economic environment. However, how economy affects the enterprise and through what economic factors to influence the enterprise? Main economic factors include interest rates, inflation, unemployment, economic growth and other factors (Durnev, Kim 2005). Besides, economic reform has huge important to regulatory reforms (Eifert, 2007) and enterprise’s behavior.

William Morrison Supermarket is a British company, so Britain’s economy situation has important influence on its development and growing. For the moment, fiscal deficit is a big problem which the British government has to face. In addition, the British economy also faces other difficulties. First is the crisis of confidence from the top to the bottom, British consumers are reducing consumption and investment, which makes the economy lack of energy. And if the economy continues to recover, domestic demand and corporate investment must pick up. European debt crisis also affect British economy. The British national bureau of statistics’ data shows that the national per capita income has fallen by 13% since 2008. Hard economic times coupled with inflation, is the main cause of per capita income falls, which also lead to depressed consumption.

As a Supermarket, William Morrison Supermarket is under the influence of British macro economy, such as depressed consumption, inflation, European debt crisis and other factors, which can directly influence the operating and growing of William Morrison Supermarket (Yu, Ramakrishnan, Ramanathan, 2012),.

4.02 Political factor and Legal factor
Political stability and sound development are the solid foundation of a country’s development and prosperity, it can provide stability environment for the development of economic and social aspects. In general, we mainly take following political factors into consideration: political conflict, political uncertainty, arbitrary changes in policy and policy creep. Political conflict mainly includes war and sovereignty disputes. Political uncertainty mainly includes minority governments and coalition governments.

For William Morrison Supermarket, Britain’s political environment is relatively stable and didn’t take place some important political events. Firstly, the change of competent department in food industry influences the behavior of William Morrison Supermarket, which mainly engaged in food and other goods. Secondly, with the emergence and deterioration of the European debt crisis, Moody’s investors service, one of the big three rating agencies, down the British government debt ratings from Aaa to Aa1 On February 22, 2013. In addition, Moody’s investors service believed that government debt levels remain high and continue to increase, which will cause the government’s ability falling to cope with financial impact, and this situation is unlikely to change in 2016 years ago.

Finally, the British government refused to oligopoly and in March 2006, the British government bureau of fair trade did fair competition investigation, including Tesco, sainsbury and asda and Morrison.

4.03 Socio-cultural factor
Different social and cultural environment has important influence on the operation of a multinational company. An enterprise wants to operate well, it must consider following factors: demographics, lifestyle expectations, Changes in the composition of society, education and training. Demographics mainly include population, population density, ageing, life expectancy and infant mortality, size of households and consumer expenditures. Lifestyle expectations refer to luxuries become necessities. Changes in the composition of society refer multicultural, multi-faith, multiracial and multi-ethnicity. Education and training include literacy rates, vocational training, management training and other factors.

For William Morrison Supermarket, knowing well about social and cultural factors in eating habits in the UK is very important. Over the years, the British has been following trends in health and eating more fresh vegetables, fruits, fish and less meat has become the health beliefs of most people. So William Morrison Supermarket must following this belief and do they best to provide fresh and health foods and other goods for the British people. However, recent horse meat storm, which refers to beef products with horse meat not only involves health problems, professional level of food processing, retail and government regulators, but also seemly changed the British spending habits.

4.04 Technological factor
Technology factors include:basic technical progress will enable the enterprise make more effective analysis to the market and customers; the emergence of new technology will increase society’s demand of products and services; technical progress can create competitive advantages; technical progress can lead the existing product be obsolescence, or greatly shorten the product life cycle.

Because William Morrison Supermarket is a supermarket, product production process, the new sales channels such as technical progress will improve the performance. In terms of technology, because of the progress of information technology and electronic banking, shopping online is a main way of selling products. In addition, enterprise’s supply chain and customer relationship management which can communicate with supplier or customer about product price, quantity, quality and other things through internet are more and more popular and brings about huge convenience.
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4.05 Environment factor
In terms to the environment of William Morrison Supermarket, nowadays, William Morrison Supermarket is the fourth largest food retailer in UK and our business mainly is to provide customers with food, grocery and other goods. The overall environment of William Morrison Supermarket is good. However, the British government refused to oligopoly and in March 2006, the British government bureau of fair trade did fair competition investigation, including Tesco, sainsbury and asda and Morrison. Because retail market in domestic large and medium-sized cities is saturated, and they are not allowed to enter new town and other places to develop local market in British, giant chains like William Morrison Supermarket faced with fierce market competition and have to choose to expand overseas.

5.0 Conclusion
In short, business environment has greatly influence on the growing and development of a company and enterprise should pay attention to analyze and evaluate it (Kennerley, Neely, 2003),. In this article, we through analyzing the methods by which it has grown in size and the reasons William Morrison Supermarket might have had for choosing the methods, mainly explore the business environment using PESTLE analysis method.

5.0 Reference list
William Morrison Supermarket, (2011), Annual report 2011.
Tom Fox, Bill Vorley. (2004), “Stakeholder accountability in the UK supermarket sector”, International Institute for Environment and Development, November.
Wendy Carlin, Mark Schaffer. (2012), “The Business Environment in the Transition”, CESifo Working Paper, No. 3934.
Durnev, A., H. Kim. (2005), “To Steal or Not to Steal: Firm Attributes, Legal Environment, and Valuation”, Journal of Finance, pp. 1461–93.
Klapper, L., I. Love, (2004). “Corporate Governance, Investor Protection and Performance in Emerging Markets”, Journal of Corporate Finance, pp. 703–728.
Eifert, B.P. (2007), “The economic response to regulatory reforms, 2003-2006”, University of California, Berkeley, Dept. of Economics, mimeo, September.
Wantao Yu, Ramakrishnan Ramanathan. (2012), “Effects of business environment on international retail operations: case study evidence from China”, International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, pp. 218-234.
Peter T. Ward, Rebecca Duray, G. Keong Leong, Chee-Chuong Sum. (1995), “Business environment, operations strategy, and performance: An empirical study of Singapore manufacturers”, Journal of Operations Management, pp. 99-115.
Mike Kennerley, Andy Neely. (2003), “Measuring performance in a changing business environment”, International Journal of Operations & Production Management, pp. 213 – 229.
Poon S. (2000), “Business environment and internet commerce benefit— a small business perspective”, European Journal of Information Systems, pp. 72-81.

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