相信大部分留学生都知道，在毕业论文正式写作之前大家都要先写一篇Proposal，Proposal通过了才能进行接下来的论文写作，可见写好Proposal是非常有必要的。今天Meeloun小编就教大家Proposal的写作方法和步骤，希望对同学们有所帮助。

        第一步当然是要和导师保持联系，以方便双方的沟通。你还可以找导师咨询几个研究方向，也可以自己搜索文献寻找线索。无论是上述哪一种情况，导师的意见，都将决定着选题的命运。只要双方合拍，选题就有戏。
        接下来你的任务量就开始大了：你需要在备选的选题方向上广泛阅读，拓展知识广度；然后缩小范围，在感兴趣的方面深入阅读，增加知识深度。值得注意的是，阅读资料最好选择近几年的论文，不推荐阅读专著。毕竟时间有限。
        后面自然是开始写proposal了，不过这方面的篇幅不限，自己能看懂就行。研究什么、每段准备写什么、准备从哪里获取数据、用哪些研究方法……这就是你的论文框架。不过注意控制在能力范围之内，量力而行。
        后面同学们就需要注意了解论证这个题目没有人研究过，而且没有人正在研究。如果有人正在研究了，研究他的下一步工作（future work），如果找不到这样的方向，那么则需要重新考虑选题方向了。
        初稿完成后，当然是开始进行修改。可以适当的缩减篇幅，修改次数随意，顺便找领域里面的大牛帮忙看看，提提意见；找外行看，如果他们能看懂60％以上，写的就是成功的。
        同学们可以尽量把要研究的内容、目标写的够清楚，并且能在有限篇幅内说清楚，还能把研究的现状说清楚，并说明这个研究以前和现在都没人在做；能把研究的方法说清楚；能把研究的value说清楚。那么可以说，这份proposal是成功的。
        Proposal研究计划是极为重要的，通常会占论文总成绩的10%，即使有些导师并不把Proposal占总成绩的分数，但也对毕业论文有着纲领性的作用。一句话，你的Proposal不通过，后续就不要想进行，你的Proposal写好了，后续的论文就好搞定的多。

        以上就是Meeloun小编分享的关于Proposal写作方法的介绍，希望同学们能够牢牢掌握，顺利通过Proposal的写作。需要report代写的同学们可以联系我们的客服哦！美伦现旗下写手超过400名，海龟硕博占据50%以上，更多写手资源正在火热招募中。美伦以质量为根本，诚信服务，严格执行双重审稿与检测，保证每一篇稿子都是精心原创并符合学科的需求，保障了留学生论文作业的通过率。

        Meeloun小编在网上看到有同学在问要怎么才能练就老外那样的写作水平，需要多久的积累等问题，小编提醒大家首先要获得高阶写作水平，什么才叫高阶写作水平呢？前提是语法的使用不出错，单词和词组的搭配恰当，最重要的一点当然是我们要符合国外语言的使用习惯！下面meeloun小编就举一些例子让大家理解的更透彻一些！

        以中文为例，老外在学习中文时，也是一个一个发音，一个一个字去记去理解。
        从认识字，到理解字的意思，再到理解不同的字组成的句子的含义，最后到使用。
        这是一条学习语言的成长过程。
        成语中“沉鱼落雁”，用于形容拥有容貌惊艳、气质尚佳的女性。
        可如果你问老外，这四个字什么意思？相信他们很难准确地回答出来。
        这就好比我们学英语，单词意思理解了，但让我们连在一起理解句子的意思就很难了，更别说去用了。
        那我该怎么办呢？
        很简单！
        增加阅读量！
        去读老外对单词的用法，并有意识的让自己刻意地去练习。
        就这么简单，但过程却十分枯燥，短期内还很难有结果。
        你愿意这么做的话，可以继续往下读，否则请关掉这篇文章，去看斗鱼、朋友圈啥的了。
        很高兴，你能选择了这么做。
        我可以提前告诉你这么做的好处，刻意练习单词、词组的用法，
        可以让我们高速的提升单词量，并牢牢记住他们，
        此外，顺便还能点亮高阶英语写作的技能。
        如何刻意训练
        既然提到了刻意训练，那我该怎么做呢？
        对此，我自认为并没有特别牛逼哄哄的经验和方法分享给你，但是…
        我可以把我正在努力学习的方法分享给你。
        你肯定心里会问，在学习写作技能时，应该读什么材料好呢？
        市面上对此大致分为两大类：一类支持《经济学人》，另一类是不支持《经济学人》。
        而我的看法，除开《经济学人》以外当然有许多可以阅读的英语材料。
        况且，《经济学人》这本读物比较专业，仅仅过了英语六级，恐怕也只能生涩的理解其中一部分内容。
        我不推荐任何一本读物，但我告诉你两条我选择读物的条件：
        1. 英语原版
        2. 兴趣爱好
        第一条保证你没有在错误的道路上越走越远，第二条保证你越学越带劲。
        我喜欢阅读各类和businiess相关的英语材料，好比今天看到一篇来自于<washingtonpost>的文章。
        文章是主题是：自我改造和职业之间的关系。其中有一句话提到了“change beyond recognition“.
        字面意思并不难理解，但具体用法上我并不确定。所以我翻阅一些资料，查阅用法。
        发现，这个词组往往用在，当我们要描述的事物发生了巨大改变并让我们难以辨认的时候。
        好了，词组的用法得到了更明确的肯定。接下去，需要再找一些案例，强化认知。
        Life will change almost beyond recognition, and you will soon let go of any remaining memories that are not aligned to the Light.
        He came down singing through a horn that changed his voice beyond recognition.
        E-mail, the Internet and other communication technologies have brought about many changes and have changed the postal market beyond recognition.
        由此你可以发现，change sth beyond recognition也是成立的。
        如果你够仔细，更会发现，三句之间存在一些可以用在雅思作文里的内容。
        假如考试遇到关于经济、科技类的话题，并且要求你对过去和现在进行对比，
        此时此刻你能用到这句话，一定会让考官对你的作文提升些许印象分。
        当然，如果你全篇跑题指望这一个细节扳回分数，那你可以回去刷刷朋友圈了。
        不要把学习看的太功利！为了考试成功去拼命背单词，背词组，这么做毫无意义。
        就算让你通过考试了，那你出国后还会遇到一大堆英语原版教材，
        到时候你还得花相同的时间去学习，去理解。而我们的时间成本永远是在上涨的！

        总结
        国内的教育整体偏向应试教育，这并没有不好。但meeloun小编要提醒每一位同学，你们都有自己出国学习的目的。既然选择出国，请不要浪费这段宝贵的备考和出国学习的时间。从今天开始，扎扎实实的，从你的兴趣出发，学习每一句你认为对你有用的句子，并理解它们，记住它们，使用它们。这样一步一步的跬步，才能在未来某一天让你突飞猛进。

        Meeloun小编在这里给大家给大家分享一篇关于英国和马来西亚的国家相关政策的论文。一个国家要是没有政策的话，会导致国家人民的不满和民族之间的分裂。而政策的制定也不是那么容易，这些都是以自己国家的实际国情和发展阶段作为重要依据的。下面我们以英国和马来西亚两个国家为例，这两个国家的政策虽然在某些方面的目的和要执行的目标并不一致，但它们的出发点一定是一样的：那就是为自己国家的公民尽量提供最好的、最让人满意的服务。

        Policy changes in Malaysia and the United Kingdom INTRODUCTION A land without law would lead to the destruction of peace and harmony. In the same tone, a country without policies will result in dissatisfaction and disunity. Policies are defined as an action plan to influence or determine decisions that proves to be advantageous and expedient whereby the government, private or business. A country undergoes a policy change due to a variety of factors which may include economical, political, social, and climatic. Here, we shall delve into a number of policies in two countries, Malaysia and the United Kingdom. Despite having different goals and objectives, both countries has one vital similarity that is to serve the best for the citizens. It is with pleasure that we study the policy changes that happened in the political, economy and education sector of the respective countries.

        POLITICAL POLICY CHANGE MALAYSIA The Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC) (Malay: Suruhanjaya Pencegahan Rasuah Malaysia, (SPRM)) is a government agency in Malaysia that investigates and persecutes corruption. The MACC was modelled after top anti-corruption agencies, such as the Independent Commission on Anti-Corruption (ICAC) in Hong Kong and the Independent Commission against Corruption in New South Wales, Australia. MACC use different methods to employ the policy change. In September 2003, Cabinet approved the requirements for minimum anti-corruption capacity for departments in the Public Service. The anti-corruption standards are minimum and it is the duty of the departments to the related department responsible to make sure the correct pathway on how its member should work on. In Malaysia the role of the policy makers are unequalled and many.

        The main role of the policy makers is to protect and make sure anti-corruption and ethics are drafted, accept and act in accordance with the principle. Secondly, gathering all the necessary things to put into effect according to or by means of a definite plan to give effect to the policy. Thirdly, they should guide the implementation of the plan that takes place. There are basically many important roles that have to be played by the policy makers to ensure the success of the policy. Mainly there are four essential roles. The first most important bring the duty to ensure ethics and anti-corruption policies are drafted and adopted. They ensure and compile an implementation plan to give effect to the drafted policy. Secondly, they have the role to monitor the issues related to corruption in which they play a prominent role monitoring the implementation of the plan and the resolution of corruption cases. Thirdly they also play an important role in ensuring that the implementation plans are informed to the stakeholders and other alike as well as companies and other institutions. Last but not least they play an essential role in ensuring that the act of reporting corruption is encouraged among workers. There are mainly five factors that can be look upon in validating the relevancy of this policy. These five aspects are; Fraud prevention plan, Strategic objectives related to fighting corruption, The efficiency of the role of policy makers, anticorruption unit or unit that does similar work, existence of whistle blowing policy and mechanism, departmental policy or mandate on anticorruption. On the view point of the fraud prevention plan there are 3 statistical values to show how the plan is carried out .15% of the departments have fraud prevention plans of excellent quality together with evidence of implementation and integration, meanwhile. 40% have fairly good policies in place whilst the remaining 45% have no or poor quality fraud plans. In addition 71% of unit heads have relevant experience in combating fraud. Secondly, strategic objectives in relation to fighting corruption have also been introduced. 10% of departments have clear written objectives which are well integrated with other objectives and with evidence of planning and monitoring against the objectives. 45% of departments have written objectives where the strategy can be deduced from while 45% have poorly formulated and applied objectives or no strategic objective in place. Thirdly is the presence of anti-corruption units in a company. Statistically shown 57% of departments have a dedicated anti-corruption unit.

        Furthermore, in the view point of the whistle blowing policy, statistics have shown that 35% only has the policy in place and 30% of departments have a mechanism and policy in place, while the rest doesn’t have both. Lastly, only 40% of departments have a fairly comprehensive mandate or policy of reasonable quality, together with evidence of implementation in place. Meanwhile the remaining 60% have no or very basic policies, of poor quality. Clearly the policies have played an adequate role in ensuring the objectives prevail. Although it does need some form rectification to ensure its applications are deemed at its best. The Anti – Corruption Act 1997 (Act 575) is an essential provision that monitors the policies that are drafted by the policymakers, it consists of punishments, jurisdiction of the authority, the definition of words, the procedures involved and etc.

        It was drafted by the Anti-Corruption Agency, to make further and better provisions for the prevention of corruption and for matters necessary. UNITED KINGDOM The controversy over the nature and uses of political policy which was initiated more than four decades ago is widely known. While it should clear by now that the case stacked by the behaviourists against political policy has been overstated and normative reflections on politics remain profoundly relevant to contemporary political analysis, the future path of political policy is once again uncertain. Under the circumstances, there is a perceived need among political theorists to reappraise and renovate political policy. In fact, the task of reappraising and renovating has been underway for some time now [1] . But except for a few notable cases in which synthetic efforts did broaden our understanding of some of the important policy issues and accordingly our conception of political policy, reappraisal and renovation have seldom ventured beyond the familiar path set by the traditional mode of theorizing in terms of method as well as substance. It may be argued that this is not particularly unfortunate because political policy has its own logic, form and subject matter. Over the years, in United Kingdom, there are a lot of policies with regard to political field being implemented and adopted in United Kingdom all this while, such as education policies, drug policies, alcohol policies, health policies, socio-economic policies, climate change policies, energy policies, housing policies, immigration policies, nuclear policies, child protection policies and some others governmental policies. Most of these policies had to certain extent being changed to meet the current circumstances and daily situations.

        This policy change is based on the law changed made through the authorised legislatures which will reflect new social values or development with society. The important policy change that had taken place in Unite Kingdom in these recent years is the Environmental Policy. Earlier, the laws often focused towards the protection of rights that are associated with the ownership of properties could be indirectly, protect the environment. However, subject to the changes in circumstances and lifestyle, more recent laws have been created and made so as to protect the environment itself. In the United Kingdom, the environment is usually defined to mean air, water and land. The regulatory bodies which in charge of the responsibility for protection of the environment are mainly the Environment Agency which covers England and Wales, the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of the Environment in Northern Ireland and the local authorities The intention of this policy is to protect the environment and also to integrate the environment for sustainability. Under this, the releases of the industrial wastes to air, water, and land were to be controlled separately.

        Besides, the 1990 Environmental Protection Act has introduced the concept of Integrated Pollution Control (IPC) which intended to ensure that all substances were to be managed and handled in a way which minimises their harmful and detrimental effects on the entire system of environment. IPC has from the time it evolved, being part of the European environmental policy, later into the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC). In addition, the Environmental policy has also embraced the approach of the sustainable development in which economic and social factors are all taken into consideration alongside with the environment. Several government strategies which aims were to make progress towards sustainable development have been successfully produced, which the latest has set the framework for Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP) [2]. The SCP is intended to extract the most productive usage of renewable and finite natural resources, and at the same time to reduce the wastage and also to change the patterns of consumption patterns. The result of such change is that the current environmental policy is an assortment of both the older and newer approaches towards the regulation.

        同学们看完了这篇文章有什么感悟呢？希望这篇范文能给你一些启发。需要essay代写的同学们赶紧联系我们的客服哦！

对于新生申请而言，美国学校会集中在9月份开通网上申请系统，美国学校常规的申请截止日期RD (regular deadline)一般都是在1月1日至2月1日这个时间段，特别是综合排名前50的学校。在常规截止日期之前完成的申请，录取结果会集中在3月份至4月底进行发放。然而，美国有些学校同时提供了比常规截止日期提前几个月的ED和EA的申请政策，申请者在ED或者EA的截止日期之前完成了申请，能够提前获取自己的申请结果。ED或者EA主要是针对新生申请，转学申请方面，并没有这样的设定。美国大多数学校采取ED政策，少数采取EA政策。

ED和EA的共同点：

所谓ED和EA，ED即Early Decision:提前录取，EA即Early Action:提前决定。一般而言，ED或者EA的截止时间是11月1日，有些学校是11月15日，还有少数学校有其它规定，比如Williams College的11月10日。两者的录取结果发放时间一般是在12月中旬，有的学校会早一些，在12月初就可以知道结果。

ED和EA的不同之处：

ED是binding（绑定）的，只可以选择一所学校进行ED申请，而且录取之后它具有不可撤销的约束性。ED和EA相比，ED拥有绝对的优先权。如果申请者选择了Columbia University的ED，那么他就不能够同时申请Duke University的ED。但是，他可以在申请阶段同时选择多所学校的非绑定和非唯一的EA，或者其它学校的RD申请。如果他被在ED阶段被Columbia University录取了，那么他必需按照ED协议的规定，接受Columbia University的录取决定，撤销其它已经完成的学校的申请（包括EA在内）和放弃剩下学校的申请。

除非申请者在申请ED的时候，同时申请了奖学金，而ED录取的学校不能够给予他所要的额度，他的家庭没有足够的经济条件可以支付费用，或者申请者决定不去美国进行本科学习了，因此他可以和学校进行协商，选择不去这所学校。

如果申请者在ED阶段被Columbia University放在waiting list候选名单上面，或者被defer延期至RD阶段，那么他还是有机会在RD阶段获得录取；如果申请者在ED阶段被Columbia University拒绝了，那么他就不能够再进行Columbia University的RD阶段申请。但是这并不会影响到他EA学校的申请结果或者其它RD学校的申请。

进行ED申请，需要填写ED agreement。

对于ED申请，申请者需要和申请ED的学校签订一个协议(ED agreement)，这个协议不仅需要学生签名，而且需要counselor班主任和家长的签名，而且三者都签名成功了才算正式接受了学校的ED协议。如果没有能够在ED截止日期之前完成这三个部分的签名确认，则被视为学校的ED申请不成功。不同的是，而EA的申请，只需在网申系统进行选择就可以了。

EA是non-binding（非绑定）的，大多数情况下可以选择多所学校同时进行申请，而且录取之后它是可以撤销的。大多数美国学校的EA是multiple-choice（多选的），申请者可以同时申请多所multiple-choice的EA，而且如果在EA阶段被学校录取了，申请可以选择不接受该EA录取，而选择接受其它学校的录取，或者继续申请其它学校。而少数学校的EA具有特殊性，比如Single-choice Early Action （SCEA）的学校（如Yale University）或者Restrictive Early Action（REA）的学校（如Stanford University），如果申请者选择了SCEA或者REA，那么他不能够同时选择ED或者其它non-binding和multiple-choice的EA。但是如果申请者获得了SCEA或者REA，和其它EA一样，他可以选择不接受该录取，而选择接受其它学校的录取，或者继续申请其它学校。

ED还会划分为ED1和ED2, 而EA没有这样的划分。

ED1的日期一般为11月1日或者11月15日，而ED2的日期一般为1月1日或者1月15日，而有些学校的ED2时间有些不同，比如Pomona College是ED2是12月28日。如果申请者想进行2所学校ED1和ED2的申请，那么这两所学校必须同时设置ED1和ED2政策。同时拥有ED1和ED2，这样的情况在文理学院中更为常见。
申请ED或者EA的时候需要注意什么留学生代写网为你全面解答？

1．ED只能申请一所学校，如果申请者在选择ED的同时也想申请EA，需要注意这些学校的EA是否是非绑定和多选的。

2．在ED或者EA截止日期之前完成该校全套的申请。针对不同学校的要求，要将语言考试成绩，学校要求的SAT1和SAT2成绩，成绩单，推荐信等全部申请材料在截止日期之前寄送到学校，并且提交网申系统。如果不能够在这之前完成全套的申请，学校会将你的申请视为RD阶段的申请。

3．和学校进行联系。比如有些学生是在11月份才进行SAT或者语言考试成绩，需要发信询问学校是否接受11月份才出的成绩，以免造成ED或者EA申请手续不全面。

4．ED或者EA阶段的学校是否提供奖学金的申请？如果是对于奖学金有强烈需要的学生来说，申请ED和EA的时候需要格外的谨慎，因为有些学校明确规定此阶段是不能申请奖学金的。比如Northwestern University，申请ED不能同时申请奖学金。University of Chicago，EA阶段不能申请奖学金。

留学生essay代写网为你解答的还算详细吧！是不是看完还不过瘾？没事我们网站还有很多文章足够你看很久了的，如果各位同学觉得essay写作起来很麻烦或者是没有时间写作的朋友可以直接联系我们的客服，我们留学生essay代写网一定会为你带来最合适的留学生essay代写服务。

美国留学本科以及商科申请中，Essay是非常重要的一项材料，撰写出一篇优秀的Essay论文可以给自己的申请加分不少。而有效的开头更能为Essay加分。下面是留学生essay代写网小编总结的一些美国留学申请中Essay开头范例，如果你的文章根据内容分成几部分，你最好为每个部分写一个有效的开头，这样才能吸引招生官的眼光。

　　美国留学Essay写作有效开头范例1：At my age, few people can genuinely claim that they have had a life-changing experience. After attending Leadership in the Business World (LBW) at the Wharton School last summer, I became one of those fortunate people to have experienced a life-changing academic program. Four weeks of meeting business executives, working with teammates through the night perfecting our professional business plan, experiencing the independence and responsibility that will come with college . . . none of this was advertised in the brochure for LBW, but all of this is what made it uniquely meaningful to me.

美国留学Essay写作有效开头范例2：I TROD THE MUD IN THE misty spring rain. It was Qing Ming, the holiday in China when we honored our deceased ancestors. On the ground of the cemetery, drenched fowers lay in my grandfather’s remembrance. That morning—a month before my sixth birthday—I clung tightly to my mother’s sleeves and fnally learned why he passed away.

美国留学Essay写作有效开头范例3：HE’S IN MY ARMS, THE NEWEST addition to the family. I’m too overwhelmed. “That’s why I wanted you to go to Bishop Loughlin,” she says, preparing baby bottles. “But ma, I chose Tech because I wanted to be challenged.” “Well, you’re going to have to deal with it,” she replies, adding, “Your aunt watched you when she was in high school.” “But ma, there are three of them. It’s hard!”

美国留学Essay写作有效开头范例4：Every first Thursday of each month I always look around the Van Muren Hall gymnasium looking at the sixty- and seventy-year-old men and wonder what I am doing there with them. They have lived through world-shaping events like World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War, yet I sit there and interact with them as if there were no differences at all. The reason? We simply share a similar hobby.

美国留学Essay写作有效开头范例5：Only shock prevented the tears from streaming down my face. My cells were dead. After being accepted into the competitive Stanford Institutes of Medicine Summer research Program (SIMr), and spending approximately 170 hours of the past month manipulating human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), I was back to square one—with only one month of my internship remaining. How in the world was I going to make up for lost time?

美国留学Essay写作有效开头范例6：The hindu god, brahma, seeing the plight of a society tainted by envy and greed, presents a boy with a drum that he can only hear, not see. This instrument, which is supposed to bring patience and discipline to humanity, is the foundation of Indian classical music. The boy has yet to discover that musicians use this tool to speak, allowing their minds to transmit messages through the vibrant pulsations of their notes.

　　以上就是留学生essay代写网给大家总结的美国大学申请Essay开头范例。Essay开头与结尾之所以显得那么困难，一部分原因是作者把它们想象的太难。申请人常常以为要在开头彻底清楚的表明全文的主旨，在结尾作出精锐的结论，文章才够精彩。但这种想法的结果往往令作者太过紧张以至于把开头和结尾写的过于夸张。你并不需要第一稿就写出一个很好的开头;往往作开头的最好的一句话就在第一稿的中间部分，只是一开始你没能够发现它而已。如果大家有什么困难，或者没时间写作essay的时候可以直接联系我们留学生essay代写网。