每到期末Essay扎堆的时候，
你有没有为Essay Format而头疼？
Bibliography/Reference又该怎么写？
要怎么才能做到不被扣Format分？
头疼的话，
就继续往下看吧！
Essay Format
对于所有的Academic Essay
来说格式都基本相同。
字号：12-point font size
字体：Times New Roman
行距：double-spaced
另外，对于Arts科目来说，字数限制也十分重要。部分科目会将in-text citation或者footnotes 也算入字数中，具体需以每科的Assignment要求为准。
The length of the paper should be XXXX words (+/－10%). The penalty (5-point deduction) will apply to a paper which is outside this range.
再者，Plagiarism对于Essay来说至关重要！每一篇Essay都会经过Turnitin系统检查内容相似率。因此citation的必要性就不言而喻了。
APA style? Harvard system?
Chicago? Or MLA?
What？到底该用哪一种？
它们分别又有什么格式要求？
APA style
APA应该是同学们使用最广的reference方式。其格式要求主要为：
要求同学们在开始进行段落开头写作前按一下Tab键以替代空格首行缩进；
双倍行间距 Double Space；
字体要求Times New Roman；
Intext citations格式：
One author:
…(Hawkins, 2003).
Hawkins (2003) reported that the results were inconclusive.
OR In 1979, Conger conducted a study which showed that…
Two authors:
…(Bovey & Hede, 2001)
Reference list格式:
1. book:
Author surname, Author initial(s). (Year of publication). Title of book (edition number if not the 1st edition). Place of publication: Name of publisher.
2.Journal article:
Author family name, Author initial(s). (Year of publication). Title of the article. Title of the Journal, volume number (issue number), page numbers of the article.
3.Web sites:
Author/editor surname, Author/editor initial(s). (Year, month day of last update, or copyright year). Title of the page/document. Retrieved Month day, year, from URL
MLA 8th
MLA（Modern Language Association）相信留学生们都很熟悉,为美国现代语言协会制定的论文指导格式，在一般书写英语论文时应当使用MLA格式来保证学术著作的完整。
Intext citation:
在MLA格式中， 一般以intext citation代替脚注及尾注，格式为：
author’s last name and a relevant page number；
Eg:…it was the worst of times” (Dickens 5);
wrote Charles Dickens of the eighteenth century (5)
注意：如有一个以上的作者，用“and” 而不是 “&” 链接~
Eg: (Brown and Czerniewicz 2010)
Reference list格式:
1. book:
Last name, First name. Title of Book. Publisher, Year of Publication.
2. Journal article:
Last name, First name. “Title of Article.” Title of Journal, volume, issue, year, page range of article. Database, URL.
3. websites:
Last name, First name. Name of site. Publisher or sponsor of site, date of publication (if available), URL.
Chicago
Intext citation:
在Cihcago格式中，就不是用intext citation了，需要在正文中加入连续的自然数标记脚注及尾注，其格式为：
1. Book：
Note Number. Author’s First and Last Names, Title of Book: Subtitle of Book (Place of Publication: Publisher’s Name, Date of Publication), page number(s).
2.Journal article：
Note Number. Author’s First and Last Names, “Article Title,” Title of Publication Vol no, issue no (Date of Publication): page number(s).
3. Websites：
Note Number. “Title of Webpage” Name of Website, Date modified/accessed, URL.
具体方法可以参考下图：
bibliography：
同时，文末的详细引用信息也是必不可少的，详情也可以参照下图：
Harvard
Reference list:
1. book:
Eg: Brick, J 2009, Academic culture: a student’s guide to studying at university, National Centre for English Language Teaching and Research, Sydney.
2. Journal article:
Eg: Prentice, C 2010, ‘Terms of ambivalence: cultural politics and symbolic exchange’, Australian Literary Studies, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 33-54.
3. Websites:
Fein, B 2011, ‘The Patriot Act is at war with the constitution’, The American view: God, family, republic, viewed 8 November 2011, http://archive.theamericanview.com/index.php?id=1770
所有参考书目以作者姓名的字母顺序排列，一个作者有多本著作时，则按年份先后排列顺序
