8月, 2016 | 留学生essay代写网 - Part 2

批判性写推荐信RL的方法

如何批判创作推荐信RL?总所周知推荐RL对于留学生来说很重要,那么怎样写好留学推荐信RL就也是一个重点问题了,这篇文章就为大家介绍入境进行批判性写作推荐信RL

批判性写推荐信RL的方法

写作以及需要天赋和技巧,但它也需要实践和反馈,以评估这种做法的结果。成功地批评创作需要知道什么是对写作很重要的,什么是对作家接受批判重要。下面的步骤提供了如何以批判创作他人的方向。

如果没有先被要求批评的工作。谁是最开放的有他们的工作被他人读取和评估的作家是那些谁提出要求。通常情况下,谁也无法处理反馈作家都不愿意把自己的工作出来批判。

了解作家期望什么样的批判。讨论什么样的反馈作家正在寻找您查看稿件之前。如果笔者告诉你,他或她已经遇到了麻烦写的手稿内的特定通道,集中你的上通行的努力。如果writer寻找与拼写,标点和语法的帮助,提供尽你的能力。

如果笔者遇到仅作为寻找自我中风,你可能想礼貌地拒绝做一个批判的要求。

饱读,最好是在写作的体裁。如果你在写作,比如是科幻小说的忠实读者,如果要求别人批评的科幻小说手稿的类型或区域背景的批判会更有效。如果你没有很好地阅读给定的流派,您可能仍然能够批判工作,为写作的整体素质,如果是那样的作家找什么要批评是问你。

能够写出相当好自己。作为饱读并能写的很好通常会手牵手,而不是自动。如果你经常混淆的词语,如“房客”和“宗旨,以”写不完整的句子没有正当理由,并圈点不规则,你可能不会去批判别人的写作的最佳人选。

但是,如果你写的很好,承认你的写作风格是没有必要写一个给定的故事或文章的唯一或最佳途径。你应该熟悉的几个写作风格和观点,以便有效地批判创作。

念稿子仔细地。读取手稿批判它需要读取更详细和深度比阅读乐趣。您正在阅读的内容,连贯,语法,标点和样式的文本。仔细阅读课文,做笔记,当您去,无论是在手稿的边缘或在另一张纸上。重新读取任何困难的通道,如果你有时间,整个手稿。

如果你正在阅读的文字处理文档的稿件,可以使用字处理程序的评论功能提出意见。

如果碰上你不明白一个字,看看它,无论是在硬拷贝字典或联机。同时查找包含在您有问题的稿件任何历史或科学信息。

满足您的批判手稿,而不是作家。批判中的注释应该是任“这一部分需要”或者“我不理解这句话,”不自然“你需要”。

与你的工作有什么总结开头。你认为这个故事国家是关于什么的作者试图用它来完成。这让笔者知道他或她如何能够故事的关键主题传达给你。

告诉笔者什么工作,为什么。慧眼识写的部分,哪些是你喜欢他们。指出作者的长处,结合具体的实例,如“我喜欢你的角色的细节,如描述她作为是她的母亲酷似给你的女主人公一样的中间名是她的母亲,除了”。同时指出事物笔者得到了“正确的”,似乎是他或她强区之外。

告诉笔者什么没有工作,为什么,以及提出如何解决它。正如描述的优势,提供以积极的方式细节。不要说:“这个词”说,“在这段话是弱,”没有作出解释;而是说:“这个词”说,“在这段话是弱,因为你已经建立的字符被吓坏了。你可能想使用单词’颤抖’代替。”

如果你不舒服的流派或写作风格,承认这一点,在你的不适可能对你的工作的看法产生影响的那些点。这将让笔者知道是否驳回您的意见或找另一个人比较熟悉的流派或写作风格的批评。

给笔者他或她需要引用纳入您的反馈时。更完成您的反馈意见,并更有效地将它呈现给作家,更容易和更容易,他或她将将其纳入未来的修订。你如何展示它取决于你是否口头提供反馈,以书面或电子。

如果你口头批评稿件,组织你想,一定要彻底覆盖它们的要点。指向的具体稿件的地方,并尽可能提供作家笔记的复印件。

如果你批评写作中的手稿(硬拷贝),查看您的清晰和一致的批评。给作家手稿的复印件与您的标记和意见,并有单独的反馈文件。

如果你的电子批评稿件,您可以在标记的手稿做一个“另存为”,接受新副本标记的变化,然后用不同但相关的名称保存它从原稿,如“ManuscriptCleanCopy”。如果你包括有关在电子邮件中评论稿件,切割和手稿到电子邮件的粘贴部分在适当情况下,如果发送丰富文本格式的电子邮件使用的是不同的文本颜色或字体。

 

How to Critique Creative Writing

Writing well requires talent and skill, but it also requires practice and feedback to evaluate the results of that practice. Critiquing creative writing successfully requires knowing what’s important to the writing and what’s important to the writer receiving the critique. The following steps offer direction in how to critique creative writing for others.

Don’t critique the work without first being asked to. The writers who are most open to having their work read and evaluated by others are those who ask for it. Usually, writers who can’t handle feedback aren’t willing to put their work out for critiquing.

Understand what kind of critique the writer expects. Discuss what kind of feedback the writer is looking for before you review the manuscript. If the writer tells you he or she has had trouble writing a particular passage within the manuscript, focus your efforts on that passage. If the writer is looking for help with spelling, punctuation, and grammar, provide that to the best of your ability.

If the writer comes across solely as looking for an ego stroke, you may want to politely decline the request to do a critique.

Be well-read, preferably in the genre of the writing. Your critique will be more effective if you have a background in the genre or area of the writing, such as being an avid reader of science fiction if asked to critique someone’s science fiction manuscript. If you aren’t well read a given genre, you may still be able to critique the work for the overall quality of the writing, if that’s what the writer looking to be critiqued is asking you for.

Be able to write reasonably well yourself. Being well-read and being able to write well usually go hand-in-hand, but not automatically. If you regularly confuse words such as “tenant” and “tenet,” write incomplete sentences without good reason, and punctuate irregularly, you’re probably not the best candidate to critique someone else’s writing.

However, if you do write well, recognize that your style of writing is not necessary the only or best way to write a given story or article. You should be familiar with several writing styles and points of view in order to critique creative writing effectively.

Read the manuscript over carefully. Reading a manuscript to critique it requires reading in more detail and depth than reading for pleasure. You’re reading the text for content, consistency, grammar, punctuation, and style. Read the text carefully, making notes as you go, either in the margins of the manuscript or on a separate piece of paper. Re-read any difficult passages and, if you have time, the entire manuscript.

If you’re reading the manuscript in a word processing document, you can use the word processing program’s comments feature to make comments.

If you run into a word you don’t understand, look it up, either in a hard-copy dictionary or online. Also look up any historical or scientific information included in the manuscript that you have questions about.

Address your critique to the manuscript, not to the writer. Comments within the critique should be in the nature of either “This section needs �” or “I didn’t understand this sentence,” not “You need to.”

Begin with a summary of what you got from the work. State what you thought the story was about and what the author was trying to accomplish with it. This lets the writer know how well he or she was able to communicate the story’s key themes to you.

Tell the author what worked, and why. Identify what parts of the writing and what you liked about them. Point out the author’s strengths, with specific examples, such as “I liked the details in your characters, such as giving your heroine the same middle name as her mother, in addition to describing her as being a dead ringer for her mother.” Also point out things the author got “right” that seem to be outside his or her strong areas.

Tell the author what didn’t work, why, and suggest how to fix it. As with describing the strengths, provide specifics in a positive way. Don’t say, “This word ‘said’ in this passage is weak,” without an explanation; instead, say, “The word ‘said’ in this passage is weak because you’ve established that the character is frightened. You might want to use the word ‘quavered’ instead.”

If you’re not comfortable with the genre or writing style, acknowledge it in those points where your discomforts might have an impact on your view of the work. That will let the writer know whether to dismiss your comments or to look for a critique from another person more familiar with the genre or writing style.

Give the author what he or she needs to refer to when incorporating your feedback. The more complete your feedback, and the more effectively you present it to the writer, the easier and more likely he or she will be to incorporate it into future revisions. How you present it depends on whether you are providing feedback orally, in writing, or electronically.

If you’re critiquing the manuscript orally, organize the points you want to make and be sure to cover them thoroughly. Point to specific places in the manuscript where possible and provide the writer with a copy of your notes.

If you’re critiquing the manuscript in writing (hard copy), review your critique for clarity and consistency. Give the writer a copy of the manuscript with your markup and comments and a separate feedback document.

If you’re critiquing the manuscript electronically, you can do a “Save As” on the marked-up manuscript, accept the marked-up changes on the new copy, and then save it with a different but related name from the original manuscript, such as “ManuscriptCleanCopy.” If you’re including comments about the manuscript in the email, cut and paste sections of the manuscript into the email where appropriate, using a different text color or font if sending the email in rich text format.

Essay写作资料使用讲解

学习的信息来源可以使网上和图书馆有效地搜索并没有那么复杂。通过学习形成有效的研究问题,规划出你的创业,探索可供选择,你可以使用的好来源,探索并支持与科研的位置开始。更多信息请参见第1步。

如何查找Essay所需资料

首先:形成一个研究问题

了解不同种类的研究可以进行。研究发生了,你积极寻求关于特定主题的信息的任何时间。你可以研究探索你不熟悉的话题,以及为你的演示文稿或研究论文提出要求提供证据。研究可以通过收集自己的数据,在线阅读,或使用以前的研究项目,以指导你的努力来收集。

当你在线阅读的探索性研究完成后,得到了专题的手最快的总结。假设你在美国是研究“肥胖”的一般话题。要探讨的话题,你可以用谷歌搜索启动,请阅读维基百科页面,并找到其他网站的条目让自己熟悉的话题。什么是与在美国的肥胖问题?什么论据正在作出的呢?还有什么其他科目都涉及到这个话题?健康和健身?快餐?什么是你兴趣进一步研究?在这方面的研究,你要找的事实。

写下你不知道是什么。一旦你探索一个话题有点,还是有很多你可能不知道,这是你可以使用的通过形成一个研究问题,以指导你的研究。开始问很多的问题,并写下来:当人们提及的“肥胖”,什么是他们指的是什么呢?什么时候开始?哪里?什么是它可能存在一些可能的原因是什么?

查找争论和对话。在每个主题有一个“问题”,危在旦夕。有一些争议,争议的东西的话题,这就是你想花时间研究什么。更小的,更窄,和更具体的话题,效果更佳。

肥胖在美国的话题可能过大。看看你自己的社区,州或地区。什么是统计?它是如何比其他地区?可以解释这是什么?为什么?如果你问和回答这些问题,你对你的方式以雄厚的研究课题。

其实问题不好好研究的课题,因为没有什么研究,但只是一个事实来查找。一个好的研究问题,比如,不会是“有多少人肥胖去世了吗?”但“如何肥胖杀人?”

问你希望与研究,以探索探测问题。你一直在网上和可能的探索打印您的主题后,你需要拿出一个坚实的研究问题,以帮助指导你的支持性研究。

“什么样的政策和态度,使我们在90年代中期的肥胖突然崛起在印第安纳?”将是一个很好的研究课题。它是在特定的位置,争议和话题的条款。这件事情可以证明。

让研究指导你的说法,而不是其他的方式。我们每个人都有的话题,特别是有争议的强烈的意见。它可以是很有诱惑力的只有寻求来源,这将验证您的意见,或将简单化的话题,而不是把它复杂化。当你做你的研究,找出各种各样的意见,参数和位置,并让自己组装强烈的研究,而不仅仅是你想听到的论点。

其次探索在线

瑟互联网进行探索性研究。根据您的话题,互联网可能是一个丰富的信息或意见和注释流的沼泽地区。它有可用的最新的信息即刻,但它也可能是困难的良好来源和坏源之间进行区分。

政府网站(那些在最终的.gov)的数据和定义的良好来源。中心疾病控制和预防的网站,例如,提供了大量有关在美国,这种疾病如何影响特定人群肥胖不错的数据,和肥胖的按区域细分。

非营利机构(网站,在.ORG结尾)也可以成为意见的良好来源。一般来说,企业将有一个“议程”,将目前各种信息备份自己的位置。这可能是在帮助你的研究好,还可以拥有对这些问题旋转了相当数量。

博客和留言板可以很好的得到人们的意见感,并有利于未来与你可以问自己一些问题的想法,但他们不支持的良好来源。他们不是很好的报价,换句话说。

利用互联网快速定义条款。肥胖是一种疾病?什么是我们通过调用它的一个“流行”呢?这些条款,你可以,也应该查查在线快速。通过定义你的条件,而且越来越熟悉的话题 – 成为它一个业余专家,其实 – 你将更加明智的,当你到了更多的技术种源,您需要使用您的支持研究。

使用维基作为资源,而不是作为一个源。其中一件关于维基(如wikiHow的!)伟大的事情是,在整篇文章中引用的源代码可以在页面的底部,你去探索自己。这些通常是更好的比维基本身的信息源,以及在页面的组织允许您使用它作为在这些源中的信息的摘要,而不是对本身的来源。

查找大量的文章和意见。当你在网上阅读,查找统计资料和数据的意见混合物,以及。它不一定有帮助的咆哮博客充满某人的有关学校午餐暂时保住孩子肥胖的一个阴谋生长激素阴谋,但可能有一些有启发你。什么是学校午餐的交易?什么研究已经完成?做更多的探索和找到类似的信息较大幅度的页面。

最后使用的库

跟一个图书管理员。信息在图书馆最有用的来源不是书。通常情况下,由馆员学生同时在计算机上的斗争不是20英尺以外,通过对不良信息和贫困来源困难的沼泽挖坐视不管。与他们交谈!他们是来帮忙的。

带上你的研究的问题,你做了这一点任何研究,以及你已经与你有任何特定的任务或项目的描述。如果你正在为一纸做研究,把分配表。

问前台进行研究馆员谁是随叫随到的学生咨询,或预约一下在一个特定领域的话题图书管理员。这些会议往往是非常有益的。你不会浪费时间去谈判艰难图书馆数据库,你一定会那种你觉得会为您的项目有用的信息。

研究的书籍,杂志,和信息数据库。在图书馆,你有更多的,你就会知道做什么用的信息。试着找只有最直接相关的信息。如果你正在苦苦寻找的良好来源,请优化搜索条件,并再次寻找。

显然书籍作出的话题良好的概述。如果你研究肥胖,你就可以找到长期研究研究,专家分析和观点对这个问题的书籍。

杂志和研究期刊将提供更多的专业化和技术主题,通常是在一个稍短的长度。他们是对的意见更轻和更重干的统计数据。

大多数大学图书馆使用JSTOR或按主题设有研究论文的学术数据库的一些变种。它可以是一个比较困难的数据库进行谈判,所以跟图书管理员求助如果您不确定。

尝试搜索字词的混合物。它可以是令人沮丧的,当你第一次得到在图书馆中试图找到直接关系到你的搜索信息的开始。学会有效地搜索和勤奋与你的努力将最终还清。改变你的搜索,周围使用你想要的引擎来寻找特定搜索的报价。如果您正在寻找有关肥胖的信息,特别是关系到学校午餐计划,您可以搜索:

“肥胖”

“肥胖”,“学校午餐”

“学校午餐”

“垃圾食品在学校”

“夺宝肥胖”

“夺宝学校午餐”

“体重流行病”

“肥胖流行病”

不要读每一个字。学习快速读取和重要和上主题的信息有效地脱脂往往是光滑的研究项目和一个令人沮丧之一之间的差。如果你要深入到非常复杂的技术话题,很多研究都可以干,无聊透顶。学习快速洽谈来源将让您的工作更加容易。

读出的抽象,如果源有一个,或读引入到源以确保主题适用。如果它似乎外围,把它放回去,并忘掉它。你不是做研究垫的书目,你这样做,以支持你的论点和探讨的话题。

如果你找到一个很好的来源,快进至年底,并阅读摘要。大部分的技术研究为基础的来源“肉”的将用于展示自己的研究,而你主要关心的是结果和参数本身。通常情况下,你可以逃脱只有当你阅读智能阅读15或20页的研究报告或书几段。

如果源提供了良好的支持,阅读文章更紧密地得到论证和证据的意识。用作者自己的研究,以寻求更多的资源。

做好笔记,所以你以后可以找到的信息。没有什么比让一个研究项目的写作阶段在不能够找到在研究堆你收集特定报价或统计更糟。保持组织,而你研究,并采取认真记录是指更高版本。

记卡库,并记下具体报价在卡的一侧,在卡的另一侧的书目信息(标题,作者,出版信息,以及URL如适用)。

不要使用来源压倒自己。在图书馆的好天气不一定涉及堆放的500页的书,你将永远不会读山。研究智能,承担信息的最重要的部分笔记,并使用资源管理的数量,使你的论点,并为你的论点。

一些学生认为更多的资源,使研究论文更好。它没有。理想情况下,你想要的“自己的”声音的平衡 – 这意味着研究 – 和你的声音,你的论点。一个好的研究项目使用的研究,以形成支持一个参数,而不是像一个口技假人,重复你在阅读的长度信息。

Learning to search effectively for sources of information online and at the library doesn’t have to be complicated. By learning to form effective research questions, plan out your venture, and explore the options available, you can get started using good sources to explore and support a position with research. See Step 1 for more information.

首先:Forming a Research Question

Learn about the different kinds of research you can conduct. Research happens any time you actively seek out information about a specific topic. You can research to explore a topic you’re unfamiliar with, as well as to provide evidence for claims you’re making in a presentation or research essay. Research can be collected by gathering your own data, reading online, or using previous research projects to guide your efforts.

Exploratory research is done when you read online, getting the quickest summary of the topic at hand. Say you were researching the general topic of “obesity” in the United States. To explore the topic, you might start with a Google search, read the wikipedia page, and find other web entries to get yourself familiar with the topic. What’s the issue with obesity in the US? What arguments are being made about it? What other subjects are related to this topic? Health and fitness? Fast-food? What are you interested in researching further? In this kind of research, you’re looking for facts.

Write down what you don’t know. Once you’ve explored a topic somewhat, there’s still a lot you might not know, and this is what you can use to guide your research by forming a research question. Start asking lots of questions and writing them down: When people refer to the “obesity epidemic,” what are they referring to exactly? When did it start? Where? What are some possible reasons that it may exist?

Find the controversy and the conversation. Within every topic there is an “issue,” at stake. There’s something debatable, something controversial about the topic, and that’s what you want to spend time researching. The smaller, narrower, and more specific the topic, the better.

The topic of obesity in the US might be too large. Look at your own community, state, or region. What are the statistics? How does it compare to other regions? What might account for this? Why? If you’re asking and answering these questions, you’re well on your way to a solid research topic.

Issues of fact

Essay写作中的图表引用

如何在一篇论文中引用图表?在很多论文Essay当中都会需要引用一些表格。那么引用表格格式是怎么样的呢?本文为大家详细介绍。
有时你可能会发现在写一个研究论文时需要从另外的地方引用一些图表。这些都是常见的,但是要注明来源。要这样做,您通常在图表下提供一个引用。这个被引用的形式取决于你的学科中使用的引用风格。现代语言协会(MLA)的风格是由英国学者和许多人文学科,而作者在心理学、社会科学和自然科学中经常使用的美国心理学协会(APA)标准。其他人文学科的专家和社会科学家,包括历史学家、使用芝加哥/ turabian风格,与工程相关领域利用电气和电子工程师协会(IEEE)标准。在写论文前咨询你的导师,以确定哪些引用风格是必需的。

Essay写作中的图表引用
请参考您的文本图形。当在书面指的曲线图,使用“数字X”或“fig.X”在括号中。使用阿拉伯数字,并没有利用任何“数字”或简称“无花果”。
例如,你可能是指一个图表,显示番茄的消费模式是这样的:“由于莎莎和番茄酱,美国的番茄消费日益普及急剧上升,近年来(见图1)。”
将图形下方的标题。从另一个源图形或图表首先标记为“图十”,虽然你可以选择缩写“图”到“图”。你应该利用“图”或“图”。在标题。
数字应以它们出现的顺序进行编号;你的第一个图形或其他例证是“图1”,第二个“图2”,依此类推。
不要斜体字“图”或“图”或数字。

提供图的简要说明。这说明应该提供什么样的图中显示的清晰,简明的解释。
例如,“图1.崛起在美国番茄消费,1970-2000 ……“

列出作者姓名。需要注意的是在对比工作重点书目引文,你会与作者的名字开头:“约翰绿”,而不是“绿色,约翰。”如果作者是一个机构,如美国农业部,给机构的名称来代替。你需要“从图表”增加的话,如果该图是不是你的原始材料。
“图。 1.崛起番茄消费在美国,1970-2000。从图表约翰绿色……“

提供书籍或其他资源的称号。标题应以斜体格式。下面笔者名称的逗号后直接给出题目:“约翰·格林,在你的后院种菜,…”
您还斜体一个网站,像这样的题目:从国家览图…

包括这本书的位置,出版商和一年括号内。按照位置的模型:出版者,出版年):例如,(温泉:湖出版社,2002年)。右括号后,键入另一个逗号。
“图。 1.崛起番茄消费在美国,1970-2000。 (:湖出版社,2002年温泉)在你的后院“,从约翰·格林图,种植蔬菜。
如果图表在线来源来,按照援引在线来源的工作重点原则:给网站名称,出版者,出版,传媒,访问日期和分页的日期(如果有的话 – 如果不是,请键入“N。 PAG“)。
例如,如果你的图形来自美国农业部的网站来了,你的引文是这样的:“图。 1.崛起番茄消费在美国,1970-2000。从图表国家情况说明书。美国农业部。 1月1日到2015年网络。 2月4日到2015年ñ。 PAG“。

具有页号和资源格式完成。键入一段时间后的页面数,则表明这本书的格式(如“打印”,“电子书”,等等),现在你就大功告成了!您完整的引文应如下所示:
图。 1.崛起番茄消费在美国,1970-2000。从约翰·格林图,在你的花园,(温泉:湖出版社,2002年)种植蔬菜,43打印“。
如果你给在标题中引用的完整信息,你不需要还包括它在你的作品引用页面。

请参考您的文本的身影。你不应该包含您不要在文本中提及任何数字。总是由它的数量,而不是措辞指图,如“上图”或“下图。”
例如,你可以写:“作为如图1所示,西红柿消费量将在过去三十年中上升。”
将图形下方的引文。标签图形或图表“图十”斜体这一部分。
数字应以它们出现的顺序进行编号;你的第一图表或其它例证是图1,第二个是图2等
如果图表有一个现有的标题,给它“句首字母大写。”这意味着你只大写第一个单词在句子的第一个字母,以及一个冒号后的第一个字母。
提供图的简要说明。这说明,或传说,提供了有关图的内容的信息,请阅读器。确保你提供足够的信息,该标题描述的身影充分。在APA,这说明一个周期结束。
例如:图1:上升番茄消费,1970-2000。
用句首字母大写的描述了。
开始你的引文信息。在大多数情况下,你会开始的话此信息“转载[或改编] …从”这将信号发送到你的读者,该图是不是原来的工作,而是来自不同的来源。
如果你正在呈现图是你原来的工作,你收集到的所有数据,并编制自己的意思是,你并不需要这句话。
例如:图1:上升番茄消费,1970-2000。转载自…

列出卷的名称,则在括号中的页码。将用斜体字书名,并引用立即标题中间没有标点符号下面括号中的相关页面数。使用首字母大写的书籍和期刊名称,这意味着你利用在标题各大话。
例如:图1:上升番茄消费,1970-2000。从种植蔬菜在你的后院转载(第43页)

与作者,出版,地点和发行日期遵循。这些信息应该“先初始最后名称,日期,地点:出版商。”按照规定格式例如,“绿色J.,2002,温泉:湖出版商。”
例如:图1:上升番茄消费,1970-2000。从种植蔬菜在你的后院转载(第43页),由J.格林,2002年,温泉:湖出版社。
与图形版权信息end如果您计划发布的文件。例如,如果权利有关的图形是由美国番茄种植者协会举办,您需要联系该组织使用图形的权限。然后,在您的标题状态图为“版权2002年由美国番茄种植者协会。经许可后转载。”您的完整引用的话,会读:
图1.番茄消费量,1970至2000年上升。从种植蔬菜在你的后院转载(第43页),由J.格林,2002年,温泉:湖出版社。版权所有2002年由美国番茄种植者协会。转载许可。

How to Cite in a Paper
Sometimes you may find it useful to include a graph from another source when writing a research paper. This is acceptable if you give credit to the original source. To do so, you generally provide a citation under the graph. The form this citation takes depends upon the citation style used in your discipline. Modern Language Association (MLA) style is used by English scholars and many humanities disciplines, while authors working in psychology, the social sciences and hard sciences often use the standards of the American Psychological Association (APA). Other humanities specialists and social scientists, including historians, use the Chicago/Turabian style, and engineering-related fields utilize the standards of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Consult your instructor before writing a paper to determine which citation style is required.
Citing a Graph in MLA Style
Refer to the graph in your text. When referring to a graph in your writing, use either “figure X” or “fig.X” in parentheses. Use the Arabic numeral, and don’t capitalize either “figure” or the abbreviation “fig.”
For example, you might refer to a graph showing tomato consumption patterns this way: “Due to the increasing popularity of salsa and ketchup, tomato consumption in the US has risen sharply in recent years (see fig. 1).”
Place the caption underneath the graph. A graph or chart from another source is first labeled as “Figure X,” though you may opt to abbreviate “Figure” to “Fig.” You should capitalize “Figure” or “Fig.” in the caption.
Figures should be numbered in the order they appear; your first graph or other illustration is “Fig. 1,” your second “Fig. 2,” and so on.
Do not italicize the word “Figure” or “Fig.” or the numeral.

Provide a brief description of the graph. This description should provide a clear and concise explanation of what’s shown in the graph.
For example, “Fig. 1. Rise in tomato consumption in the US, 1970-2000…”

List the author’s name. Note that in contrast to MLA bibliographic citations, you will begin with the author’s first name: “John Green” instead of “Green, John.” If the author is an institution, such as USDA, give the institution’s name instead. You need to add the words “Graph from” if the graph is not your original material.
“Fig. 1. Rise in tomato consumption in the US, 1970-2000. Graph from John Green…”

Provide the title of the book or other resource. The title should be formatted in italic text. Give the title directly after the comma following the author’s name: “John Green, Growing Vegetables in Your Backyard,…”
You also italicize the title of a website, such as this: Graph from State Fact Sheets…

Include the book’s location, publisher, and year inside parentheses. Follow the model of location: publisher, year): for example, (Hot Springs: Lake Publishers, 2002). After the closing parenthesis, type another comma.
“Fig. 1. Rise in tomato consumption in the US, 1970-2000. Graph from John Green, Growing Vegetables in Your Backyard’, (Hot Springs: Lake Publishers, 2002).
If the graph came from an online source, follow the MLA guidelines for citing an online source: give the website name, publisher, date of publication, media, date of access, and pagination (if any — if not, type “n. pag.”).
For example, if your graph came from the USDA website, your citation would look like this: “Fig. 1. Rise in tomato consumption in the US, 1970-2000. Graph from State Fact Sheets. USDA. 1 Jan 2015. Web. 4 Feb. 2015. n. pag.”

Finish with a page number and the resource format. Type a period following the page number, then indicate this book’s format (i.e. “Print,” “eBook,” etc.) Now you’re done! Your complete citation should appear as follows:
Fig. 1. Rise in tomato consumption in the US, 1970-2000. Graph from John Green, Growing Vegetables in Your Garden, (Hot Springs: Lake Publishers, 2002), 43. Print.”
If you give the complete citation information in the caption, you do not need to also include it in your Works Cited page.

Refer to the figure in your text. You should not include any figure that you don’t mention in the text. Always refer to the figure by its number, not wording such as “the figure above” or “the figure below.”
For example, you could write: “As seen in Figure 1, tomato consumption has risen sharply in the past three decades.”
Place the citation underneath the graph. Label the graph or chart “Figure X.” Italicize this part.
Figures should be numbered in the order they appear; your first graph or other illustration is Figure 1, the second is Figure 2, etc.
If the graph has an existing title, give it in “sentence case.” This means you only capitalize the first letter of the first word in the sentence, as well as the first letter after a colon.
Provide a brief description of the graph. This description, or legend, provides your reader with information regarding the graph’s content. Make sure you give enough information that the caption describes the figure adequately. In APA, this description ends with a period.
For example: Figure 1. Rise in tomato consumption,1970-2000.
Use sentence case for the description too.
Begin your citation information. In most cases, you will begin this information with the words “Reprinted [or adapted] from…” This will signal to your reader that the graph is not original to your work, but rather comes from a different source.
If the graph you’re presenting is your original work, meaning you collected all the data and compiled it yourself, you don’t need this phrase.
For example: Figure 1. Rise in tomato consumption,1970-2000. Reprinted from…

List the volume’s name, then the page number in parentheses. Place book titles in italics, and cite the relevant page number in parentheses immediately following the title with no punctuation in between. Use title case for books and journal titles, meaning you capitalize all the major words in the title.
For example: Figure 1. Rise in tomato consumption,1970-2000. Reprinted from Growing Vegetables in Your Backyard (p. 43),

Follow with author, date of publication, location, and publisher. This information should follow the format of “by first initial(s) last name, date, location: publisher.” For example, “J. Green, 2002, Hot Springs: Lake Publishers.”
For example: Figure 1. Rise in tomato consumption,1970-2000. Reprinted from Growing Vegetables in Your Backyard (p. 43), by J. Green, 2002, Hot Springs: Lake Publishers.
End with copyright information for the graph if you plan to publish the paper. For example, if rights to the graph in question are held by the American Tomato Growers’ Association, you’ll need to contact this organization for permission to use the graph. Then, state in your caption that the graph is “Copyright 2002 by the American Tomato Growers’ Association. Reprinted with permission.” Your complete citation, then, will read:
Figure 1. Rise in tomato consumption, 1970-2000. Reprinted from Growing Vegetables in Your Backyard (p. 43), by J. Green, 2002, Hot Springs: Lake Publishers. Copyright 2002 by the American Tomato Growers’ Association. Reprinted with permission.

快速完成Essay的写作方法

有时候几个论文项目一同时下来大家都没时间去写这些文章了,为了方便大家快速的写文章,美伦小编为大家准备了这篇快速写文章的方法希望能帮到大家,如果大家作业确实很多也可以来我们美伦,不好意思跑题了,那么请看下面正文吧!

快速完成Essay的写作方法如何在学校完成一个项目
我们都知道,当社会研究老师走到房间的前面,并宣布,她即将告诉我们的一个项目,将在两个星期内。任何后期的工作将导致一个降低的等级。正是你所需要的。这里是完成一个巨大的项目,以你的能力最好的步骤。
做一个列表的一天,你得到的信息,从准则,规则,例外,小细节,然后到期日。
计划你的工作为小而可行的会议。例如,在星期六晚上做一个小时的研究,并在它到期前三天增加细节。
使用的研究多个源。谷歌™或Ask Jeeves公司™并不总是有回答你所有的问题在南极洲的气候。也有百科全书,图书馆,和人。再往动物园,如果你平均雄虎权重的迫切需要是。
如果你的老师说,这是好的,用学习的哥们或者形成一个研究小组。你是不是问布朗太太,如果你能有合作伙伴,这是一个完全不同的主题。这是谁在做类似的项目到你的人,你可以在网上冲浪或者一起互相帮助当地图书馆挂起。
再往商务办公商店像OfficeMax公司™或订书钉™和购买论文或项目帮手。计算机版本从约$ 15- $ 35个各不相同。这本书或粘合剂版本通常低于$ 13他们有广泛的社会,从研究中理科。
以大量的,只要您的老师或教授是在谈项目说明。这些都可以派上用场,如果你在午夜在周末工作,感到困惑的东西只有一个老师会知道。
如果你的项目像文学或科学有教材类,问问你的老师,如果你能借一本教科书一晚或在很后面检查一个网站,并在你的记事本或笔记本电脑写下来,检查出来的免费期间,午餐或放学。

How to Complete a Project in School
We all know that feeling we get when the Social Studies teacher goes to the front of the room and announces that what she is about to inform us about a project that will be due in two weeks. Any late work will result in a reduced grade. Just what you need. Here are the steps to finishing a huge project to the best of your abilities.
Make a To-Do list the day you get the information, starting with the guidelines, the rules, the exceptions, the little details, and then the due date.

Plan your work into small but doable sessions. For example, do an hour of research on Saturday night, and work on adding details three days before it’s due.
Use more than one source of research. Google™ or Ask Jeeves™ don’t always have the answer to all of your questions on the climate of Antarctica. There are also encyclopedias, libraries, and people. Go down to the zoo if you’re in dire need of average male tiger weights.
If your teacher says it’s Ok, use study buddies or form a research group. You aren’t asking Mrs. Brown if you can have partners, that’s a totally different subject. These are people who are doing similar projects to yours and you can surf the web or hang at the local library with to help each other out.
Go down to a business office store like OfficeMax™ Or Staples™ and purchase an essay or project helper. The computer versions vary from about $15-$35. The book or binder versions are usually under $13. They come in a wide range of subjects from Social Studies to Science.
Take lots of notes whenever your teacher or professor is talking about the project. These can come in handy if you are working at midnight on a weekend and are confused about something only a teacher would know.
If your project is for a class like Literature or Science that has textbooks, ask your teacher if you can borrow a textbook for a night or check in the very back for a website and write it down in your planner or notebook and check it out at free period, Lunch, or after school.

Essay写作如何引用政府文件

很多论文在写作的时候回引用别人的话题,或者引用相关的法律。那么如何引用一份政府文件呢?政府文件必须有明确的格式和引用方法切不可胡乱引用。

Essay如何引用政府文件
在学术写作正确的引文将增加清晰度和一致性,以你的工作。下面的步骤将教你如何引用政府文件中三个比较常用的格式。列出每个“句”,或在出现在步骤的顺序引证的“会议”,并按照以期每个段。
表明,在您的引文第一句话发文机构,办公室,委员会或部门。用了一段按照此,其中包括该组织的任何细分。
本节中的第一个项目应该发出该文件的机构的最高水平。因此,它常常是国家政府(例如美国)的名称。
不要在这一领域的引文列出个人作者。

表明出版物的括号内为引用的下一句的一年。

一年后写文档的斜体全名。
只有大写专有名词和句子的第一个字。
指示文档的作者个人称号后,如果有的话都记(例如,“运行时间在三城区公共图书馆,由约翰·史密斯”)。作者的名字不应该被斜体。

举出版物的地方,随后是冒号,然后发布者。大多数美国文件由政府印刷局出版。
缩写状态名称,例如“卡姆登,新泽西州”或“拉伯克,TX。”
参照美国的首都华盛顿特区,在不缩写句点。

通过指示在括号中的报告数或其他识别号码,当这种号码是可用的结束引证。

文本在引证的第一行应对准到页面的左边,并根据该各行应缩进。

指示文档的作者,上市姓第一,其次是一个逗号,然后将名字和中间名首字母(如适用)。如果作者没有记入,列出国家政府(如美国)。

列出作为文字作为引文下一句的组织笔者机构。包括该机构的任何分支机构。
引用斜体文档的标题。大写的标题,你会书名。

援引国会文档时,包括美国国会的数量(如110丛)。国会缩写为“丛”。
表明在该文件公布的状态,接着一个冒号,然后发布者。
大多数美国文件由政府印刷局,其工作重点缩写为GPO公布。用逗号按照此,然后列出出版年代。
表明该刊物的引文的最后一句的网上平台。如果是印刷出版物,简单的写,“打印”。

文本在引证的第一行应对准到页面的左边,并根据该各行应缩进。
列出政府分工作为引证的第一句话,后面跟一个逗号。
引用斜体文档的标题下了,利用它,你会利用书名。
表明在该文件公布的状态,接着一个冒号,然后发布者,随后是出版年份。将这个段在括号中并用逗号结束。

添加涉及括号后的信息的特定页面。
文本在引证的第一行应对准到页面的左边,并根据该各行应缩进。
列出政府划分为引证的第一句话。

表明细分或机构作为下一个句子。

接下来包括斜体文档的标题,并利用它,你会书名。如果是文档个人作者,请用逗号分隔的标题和列出作者,(例如,“约翰·史密斯”),但不要斜体作者的名字。
表示一个报告编号或其他识别号码(如果可用)。
举发布作为下一个段。
结束与在该文件公布国家公布的那么一年的引文,其次是一个逗号,。
文本在引证的第一行应对准到页面的左边,并根据该各行应缩进。

How to Cite a Government Document
Proper citations in academic writing will add clarity and consistency to your work. The steps below will teach you how to cite government documents in three of the more common formats. List each “sentence” or “segment” of a citation in the order that appears in the steps, and follow each segment with a period.
Indicate the agency, office, committee or department that issued the document in the first sentence of your citation. Follow this with a period and include any subdivisions of the organization.
The first item in this section should be the highest level of the agency that issued the document. As such, it will often be the name of the national government (e.g. United States).
Do not list personal authors in this segment of the citation.

Indicate the year of publication in parentheses as the next sentence of the citation.

Write the full title of the document in italics after the year.
Capitalize only proper nouns and the first word of the sentence.
Indicate personal authors of the document after the title, if any are credited (e.g. “Operating hours of public libraries in the tri-city area, by John Smith”). The author’s name should not be italicized.

Cite the place of publication, followed by a colon, and then the publisher. Most U.S. documents are published by the Government Printing Office.
Abbreviate state names, for example, “Camden, NJ,” or “Lubbock, TX.”
Refer to the United States’ capital as Washington, DC, without periods in the abbreviation.

End the citation by indicating a report number or other identifying number in parentheses, when such a number is available.

The first line of text in a citation should be aligned to the left of the page, and each line under that should be indented.

Indicate the author of the document, listing the surname first, followed by a comma, and then the first name and middle initial (if applicable). If an author is not credited, list the national government (e.g. United States).

List the agency that serves as the organizational author of the text as the next sentence in the citation. Include any subdivisions of the agency.
Cite the title of the document in italics. Capitalize the title as you would a book title.

Include the number of Congress when citing congressional documents (e.g. 110th Cong.). Congress is abbreviated as “Cong.”
Indicate the state in which the document was published, followed by a colon and then the publisher.
Most U.S. documents are published by the Government Printing Office, which MLA abbreviates as GPO. Follow this with a comma, and then list the year of publication.
Indicate the medium of the publication as the final sentence of the citation. If it is a printed publication, simply write, “Print.”

The first line of text in a citation should be aligned to the left of the page, and each line under that should be indented.
List the government division as the first sentence of the citation, followed by a comma.
Cite the title of the document in italics next, and capitalize it as you would capitalize a book title.
Indicate the state in which the document was published, followed by a colon, then the publisher, which is followed by the year of publication. Put this segment in parentheses and end with a comma.

Add the specific page that relates to the information after the parentheses.
The first line of text in a citation should be aligned to the left of the page, and each line under that should be indented.
List the government division as the first sentence of the citation.

Indicate the subdivision or agency as the next sentence.

Next include the title of the document in italics, and capitalize it as you would a book title. If there is a personal author for the document, follow the title with a comma and list the author, (e.g. “by John Smith”) but do not italicize the name of the author.
Indicate a report number or other identifying number if one is available.
Cite the publisher as the next segment.
End the citation with the state in which the document was published, followed by a comma, and then the year of publication.
The first line of text in a citation should be aligned to the left of the page, and each line under that should be indented.

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